गर्मियों के दिनों में लोगों को तमाम तरह की समस्याएं झेलनी पड़ती हैं। हीट स्ट्रोक यानी तापाघात भी उन्हीं समस्याओं में से एक है। जिस आमतौर पर लू लगना या लू भी कहा जाता है। यह समस्या बढ़ते तापमान की वजह से होती है। जिससे लोगों को घर से बाहर निकलने में काफी मुश्किले होने लगती हैं। क्योंकि इन दिनों दोपहर के समय काफी तेज गर्म हवाएं चलती हैं। जिसके प्रति छोटे बच्चे ज्यादा संवेदनशील होते हैं। हालांकि जिन लोगों की इम्यूनिटी अच्छी होती है। वह लोग इन गर्म हवाओं और तापमान को सहन कर लेते हैं। लेकिन जिन लोगों की रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता कमजोर होती है, वह लोग इन गर्म हवाओं को सहन नहीं कर पाते हैं। परिणामस्वरूप बीमार पड़ जाते हैं।

लू लगने के कारण-

• कड़ी या तेज धूप में काम करना।
• बहुत तेज तापमान वाली जगह पर जाना या रहना।
• शरीर में पानी की कमी होना।
• भीड़भाड़ और गर्म इलाकों में जाना।
• गर्मी के दिनों में ज़रूरत से ज्यादा कपड़े पहनना।
• अधिक मात्रा में अल्कोहल का सेवन करना।
• भीषण आग के निकट जाना आदि।

लू लगने के लक्षण-

• शरीर का अधिक गर्म होना या तापमान बढ़ना।
• पल्स का तेज होना।
• सिर चकराना या चक्कर आना।
• उल्टी होना।
• व्यवहार में चिड़चिड़ापन आना।
• आधे सिर में दर्द होना।
• बहोशी या भ्रम की स्थिति होना।
• कमजोरी का एहसास होना।
• मानसिक संतुलन का खो जाना।
• जी-मिचलाना या मितली की शिकायत होना।
• त्वचा का शुष्क, लाल या झुलसा हुआ होना आदि।

हीट स्ट्रोक के लिए असरकारी घरेलू उपाय-

हमेशा ध्यान रखें कि लू लगने से बेहोश हुए व्यक्ति को तुरंत कोई तरल पदार्थ न पिलाएं। बल्कि उसे किसी ठंडी जगह पर ले जाएं। वही, लू से बचने के लिए निम्न घरेलू उपचारों का सहारा लें।

चंदन पावडर-

चंदन तासीर से ठंडा होता है। इसलिए यह शरीर के तापमान को कम कर, उसे ठंडा रखने का काम करता है। उपयोग हेतु 3 से 4 चम्मच चंदन पाउडर में थोड़ा पानी मिलाकर, उसका पेस्ट बना लें। फिर इस लेप को माथे और सीने पर लगाकर कुछ देर के लिए छोड़ दें। थोड़ी देर बाद लेप लगे हिस्से को ठंडे पानी से धो लें। ऐसा करने से शरीर को लू से आराम मिलता है।

ठंडे पानी से स्नान करना-

जो व्यक्ति घर के बाहर जाकर अधिक परिश्रम और भागदौड़ वाला काम करता है। उन्हें लू से बचने के लिए ठंडे पानी से स्नान करना चाहिए। क्योंकि ठंडा पानी शरीर के तापमान को कम करने और शरीर को लू से बचाने में मदद करता है।

आम पन्ना-

लू लगने पर आम पन्ना एक टॉनिक की तरह काम करता है। दरअसल आम पन्ना को कच्चे आम और कुछ मसालों (जीरा, सौंफ, काली मिर्च और काला नमक आदि) से तैयार किया जाता है। इसका स्वाद खट्टा-मीठा होता है। यह शरीर को ठंडा रखने में मदद और एनर्जी एवं इलेक्ट्रोलाइट प्रदान करता है। इसलिए लू लगने पर इसका सेवन करना बहुत अच्छा होता है।

बटरमिल्क-

बटर मिल्क शरीर को हाइड्रेट और ठंडा रखने का काम करता है। क्योंकि इसमें प्रोटीन, विटामिन, मिनरल और प्रोबायोटिक्स आदि तत्व पाए जाते हैं। जो बॉडी में ज़रूरी तत्वों की भरपाई करने का काम करते हैं। इसलिए लू लगने पर चार चम्मच दही में एक गिलास पानी, एक चुटकी नमक और एक चुटकी जीरा पाउडर डालकर, उसे अच्छे से मिला लें। फिर प्रतिदिन एक से दो गिलास इस पेय का सेवन करें। इससे व्यक्ति को लू से निजात मिलती है।

इमली का रस-

इमली शरीर में आवश्यक पोषक तत्वों और डिहाइड्रेशन के समय इलेक्ट्रोलाइड की कमी को पूरा करती है। जिससे शरीर का तापमान सामान्य बना रहता है। इसलिए लू लगने पर इमली का इस्तेमाल घरेलू उपचार के रूप में करना अच्छा रहता है। उपयोग हेतु इमली को उबालकर, उससे तरल पदार्थ निकाल लें। फिर इसमें थोड़ी मात्रा चीनी या शहद की मिलाकर, इसे ठंडा कर लें। ठंडा होने पर इस हर्बल पेय का सेवन करें। ऐसा करने से लू से बचा जा सकता है।

एलोवेरा-

एलोवेरा शरीर को ठंडा रखकर, लू के लक्षणों को खत्म करने का काम करता है। क्योंकि इसमें उच्च मात्रा में विटामिन और खनिज पदार्थ मौजूद होते हैं। जो प्राकृतिक रूप से वाह्य परिवर्तनों से लड़ने के लिए शरीर की क्षमता को बढ़ाने और शरीर के रक्षात्मक तंत्र को उत्तेजित करने का काम करते हैं। इसके अलावा एलोवेरा शरीर के विभिन्न प्रणालियों को स्थिर रखने में भी मददगार साबित होता है। इसलिए इस्तेमाल हेतु एलोवेरा जेल का लेप शरीर पर लगाएं या एलोवेरा जूस का सेवन करें।

प्याज का रस-

लू लगने या हीट स्ट्रोक में प्याज का रस और लेप बेहद लोकप्रिय उपाय हैं। जो लू के लक्षणों को खत्म करके, शरीर को आराम देने का काम करते हैं। दरअसल लू लगने पर प्याज के रस को दो तरह से इस्तेमाल किया जा सकता है। पहला- प्याज के रस को कान के पीछे,  सीने और पैर के तलवों पर लगा लें। दूसरा- जब शरीर से लू के लक्षण समाप्त होने लगें तो एक चम्मच प्याज के रस को एक चम्मच शहद के साथ मिलाकर सेवन करें। इसका सेवन दिन में दो बार भी किया जा सकता है। जिससे लू के लक्षण और जल्दी समाप्त होते हैं।

एप्पल साइडर विनेगर-

सेब के सिरके (Apple Cider Vinegar) में तमाम तरह के मिनरल और विटामिन मौजूद होते हैं। जो शरीर में इलेक्ट्रोलाइट्स की कमी को दूर करने का काम करते हैं। इसलिए लू लगने पर सेब के सिरके का सेवन करना अच्छा रहता है। सेवन हेतु एक गिलास ठंडे या सादे पानी में एक चम्मच एप्पल साइडर विनेगर डालकर उसे अच्छे से मिला लें। फिर इसका सेवन करें। ऐसा करने से लू के लक्षण खत्म होने लगते हैं।

Typhoid fever is also known as Motihara or intermittent fever and is caused by a bacterial infection in the digestive tract and bloodstream. This fever is caused by the bacteria Salmonella typhi. When this bacteria enters the body with contaminated food, drink or water, it multiplies and spreads from the intestines to the blood, after which the symptoms of typhoid begin to be felt. Typhoid bacteria survive for weeks in water or dry stool. In this way, it causes infection by reaching the body through contaminated water or food items. When a person eats or drinks leftover food from an infected person, then there is a high possibility for another person to get typhoid disease.

Causes of Typhoid

Typhoid fever is caused by the consumption of food or water infected with Salmonella typhi bacteria, or close contact with a person infected with this bacterium and eating or drinking leftover food from an infected person increases the chances of typhoid. Reaching the digestive tract, the number of these bacteria increases. Inside the body, these bacteria reach from one organ to another and symptoms of typhoid start appearing.

Symptoms of Typhoid

Following are the major symptoms of typhoid-

• Fever is the main symptom of typhoid.
• As the infection progresses, so does the patient's appetite.
• A person suffering from typhoid has a headache.
• Body pain occurs as a symptom of typhoid.
• Body chills.
• There is a feeling of lethargy.
• Weakness is felt in typhoid.
• Diarrhoea occurs as a symptom of typhoid.
• Usually, a person suffering from typhoid has a fever above 102-104 degrees.
• In older children, typhoid can also cause constipation and diarrhoea.

Ways to Prevent Typhoid

Typhoid is also usually caused due to the influence of food and lifestyle. For this, dietary and lifestyle changes can protect against typhoid.

Dietary measures-

• In typhoid, strong-smelling foods like onions, garlic etc. should be avoided.
• All spices such as chilli, sauce, vinegar etc. should not be consumed in typhoid.
• Gas-forming foods like pineapple, jackfruit etc. should not be eaten in typhoid.
• If you feel the symptoms of typhoid, one should avoid a high fibre diet, vegetables that contain a high amount of fibre, insoluble fibre such as banana, papaya, sweet potato, whole grains.
• Butter, ghee, pastries, fried foods, sweets should be avoided if the symptoms of typhoid are felt.
• Heavy food should not be eaten in typhoid.
• Non-vegetarian food should not be eaten in typhoid.

Lifestyle measures-

• Hands should be washed with warm soapy water.
• Boiled or only bottled water should be drunk.
• Raw food should not be taken.
• Properly cooked food should be eaten hot.
• Beverages and food items should not be taken from outside shops.
• Infected persons should be kept away from household work.
• The personal use items of the infected person should be kept clean and separate to prevent infection.

Home remedies for the treatment of Typhoid

• A decoction made by mixing basil, liquorice, gajwan, honey and sugar candy in water should be drunk. This brings down the fever quickly.
• Typhoid fever is cured by drinking the juice of basil leaves because it has an amazing ability to kill bacteria. It should be used in the morning for about three days.
• Mix betel juice, ginger juice and honey in equal quantity and drink it in the morning and evening, it provides relief.
• When suffering from typhoid in summer, cook raw mango in fire or water and drink its juice mixed with water.
• Special care should be taken of food in this fever. In case of fever, milk, tea, sugar candy syrup, seasonal juice, soda water and raw coconut water must be drunk.
• More and more water should be consumed. By drinking more water, the poison of the body comes out of the body in the form of urine and sweat.
• In case of high fever, keeping a cloth of cold water on the forehead brings down the fever, and the heat of fever does reach the head.
• Take five to ten grams of garlic clove and fry it in oil or ghee, adding rock salt to it ends fever.

When to go to the doctor?

Typhoid is an infectious disease, if you feel high fever, abdominal pain, weakness and symptoms of typhoid, then the doctor should be contacted as soon as possible. Do not delay in going to the doctor otherwise, it can turn into a serious disease. Delay in treatment can lead to intestinal inflammation.

Nowadays, the problem of back pain or pain in its lower part has become very common which is more common in young people than in elderly people. The main reasons for this problem are- sitting and working on the computer all day and lifting heavyweights in the wrong way etc. People ignore this type of pain in the body thinking that it is due to overwork or fatigue which is the biggest mistake of a person. This common feeling of pain later becomes the cause of sciatica. In sciatica, gradually the lower part of the waist becomes useless. However, there is no need to panic a bit about this because it can be avoided by adopting some measures and remedies in time.

What is Sciatica?

Sciatica refers to pain in the legs and lower back. The main reason for this pain is compression of the sciatic nerve. The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve present in the body which starts from the lower parts of the waist and goes through the hips to the ankles. This is the reason that the problem caused by this affects all the lower parts of the waist. In the early stages, this pain in the back feels mild but later this pain becomes more painful and gradually starts extending from the waist to the hips and then to the feet. Apart from pain in the lower back of the person suffering from this, weakness, tingling and numbness are felt.

Symptoms of Sciatica disease

The following are common symptoms of sciatica-

• Persistence of mild pain in the lower parts of the waist, hips and legs.
• Feeling more pain in the legs than in the waist.
• Severe pain in one leg.
• Pain in the toes along with the feet.
• Tingling feeling in the lower back and legs.
• Leg weakness.
• Burning or tingling on the soles of the feet.
• Feeling difficulty in walking, standing and sitting.

Causes of Sciatica

There are many reasons for having sciatica but the main reason for this is a problem or injury in the sciatic nerve. This pain can also be caused by getting up in the wrong posture, sitting or due to an accident due to which there is pressure on the sciatic nerve. Apart from this, there are some other common reasons for having sciatica which is as follows:

Herniated disc-

It is also called a slipped disc. Each vertebra in the spinal cord is connected by discs. If these vertebrae break, then there is pressure on the nervous system of the body. As a result, pain arises in the groin or its lower parts. After some time this pain starts affecting different parts of the body as well.

Spinal stenosis-

In this condition, there is a narrowing of the lower canal or end of the spinal cord. This contraction also puts pressure on the roots of the nervous system. As a result, pain starts in the lower parts of the waist.

Piriformis syndrome-

It is a serious neuromuscular disorder in which the piriformis muscle is compressed or tightened due to sciatica. The piriformis is the muscle that connects the lower part of the spine to the thighs. The main reason for this is sitting for a long time, injury to the legs or thighs due to some reason, etc.

Abnormal curvature of the spine-

Normally, the length of the spine increases in equal proportion with age from childhood due to which balance remains in the body. On the contrary, if for some reason there is more growth in one part of the spine and less growth in the other part, then due to this irregular growth, the physical balance gets disturbed due to which the body becomes afflicted with sciatica and other serious diseases.

Cancer on the spine-

A tumour that develops on the spinal cord puts pressure on the body's nervous system. As a result, sciatica may arise.

Risk factors for having Sciatica

• Being old.
• Having diabetes.
• Working for long hours.

To avoid the pain of sciatica, make these changes in your lifestyle and diet-

• Do not work while sitting in one posture for a long time.
• Do not bend over and lift heavy objects.
• If you have to work on the computer while sitting on the chair for hours due to high work pressure, then put a small pillow on the chair and try to sit straight.
• Do exercises related to the spine as per the advice of the doctor.
• Practice yoga and exercise to keep the spine flexible in old age.
• Do not work if there is severe pain in the sciatica.
• Do not wear high heels.
• Avoid bending over.
• Abstain from smoking.
• Drink a sufficient amount of water.
• Do not consume refined flour and sugary things if you have sciatica.
• Eat foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as flaxseeds, peanuts and nuts.
• Eat vitamin-A rich foods like carrots, green leafy vegetables, mangoes and apricots.
• Eat a diet rich in potassium.
• Do not consume junk food and oily food.
• Avoid consumption of foods that increase Vata in the body like peas, rajma, urad, arbi, brinjal, potato, jackfruit etc.

Home remedies for Sciatica

Turmeric provides relief in sciatica

The anti-inflammatory properties of turmeric help in reducing inflammation in the body. Therefore, turmeric is very beneficial in sciatica pain. It works in both pain and inflammation. For this, drinking turmeric mixed with milk before sleeping every day provides relief in pain.

Mustard oil provides relief in sciatica-

Heat at least 4 to 5 cloves of garlic and 2 to 3 bay leaves in mustard oil. After cooling down a bit, massage the back, waist and legs with this oil. During this, massage the spine with the thumb with light hands. By doing this, the pain gets relieved soon.

Carom seeds (Ajwain) is beneficial in sciatica-

Carom seeds (Ajwain) also proves to be effective in relieving sciatica. For this, boil 10 grams of carom seeds in a glass of water and boil it well. Now filter and drink this water.

Fenugreek seeds are beneficial in the treatment of sciatica-

Fenugreek seeds are rich in protein that helps to relieve the pain of arthritis and sciatica. For this, consuming fenugreek water daily in the morning (before brushing) is very beneficial.

Rock salt reduces sciatica pain-

Mix two to three tablespoons of rock salt in a tub of warm water and soak your feet and lower back in it for 10 to 20 minutes. It provides relief in the pain and swelling.

Clove oil removes the pain of sciatica-

Gently massage the painful area with clove oil. This increases blood flow and relaxes the muscles. Clove oil is very beneficial if there is any kind of pain in any part of the body.

Treatment of Sciatica with Ayurvedic herbs

Harsingar-

The flowers, leaves and bark of Harsingar are all rich in medicinal properties but its leaves are commonly used in Ayurveda for the treatment of sciatica. For this, boil 250 grams of Harsingar leaves in about 1 litre of water until it becomes 700 ml. Now filter it after cooling and mix a few strands of saffron in it and keep it in a vessel. Now drink it daily in the amount of one cup in the morning and evening. To get relief from sciatica pain, repeat this regularly for a month.

Drumstick (moringa)-

Drumstick is also known for the treatment of sciatica. For this, boil 100 grams drumstick leaves, 100 grams Ashoka bark and 25 grams of carom seeds in 2 litres of water. Boil this water till it burns to 1 liter. Now filter this water and keep it. Consume it in 50-50 grams doses in the morning and evening. By using it regularly for 3 months, the problem of sciatica goes away.

Nutmeg bark-

Nutmeg bark proves to be effective for getting relief from sciatica. For this, grind the bark of the nutmeg and mix it with 500 grams of mustard oil and heat it. After cooking for five minutes, take this oil off the flame and filter it with a cloth and keep it in a vessel. In case of pain, warm this oil lightly and massage it slowly. Keep in mind that while massaging, do not apply pressure and make sure to compress after massage.

The rainy season can increase the risk of spreading diseases caused by mosquito bites, among which malaria, chikungunya, dengue and Zika virus are prominent. Chances of getting Japanese encephalitis are also high during this season. Japanese Encephalitis is colloquially known as Japanese fever. Japanese fever is believed to be a disease spread through viral infection. It can occur in any season but it mostly occurs during the rainy season or in the summer season because mosquitoes are found abundantly during this time.

The disease is spread through the bite of mosquitoes infected with the flavivirus. It is an infection fever, in which the patient has a high fever. Apart from this, headaches, seizures occur and, in some cases, patients also die. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Japanese fever is more common in rural areas. Mostly where rice is cultivated more. It is believed that flaviviruses thrive in rice fields.

Stages of Japanese Encephalitis (Japanese Fever)

There are generally three stages of Japanese fever which are as follows-

Prodromal stage-

This is the early stage of Japanese fever in which fever starts before the brain and spinal cord are affected. Also, it lasts for two to three days. During this time most people feel chills along with restlessness and headache. This phase lasts for about a week.

Acute encephalitis stage-

In this stage, fever affects the brain and spinal cord of the person. Also, it lasts for at least 3 to 4 days. In this stage, the fever already present increases. Along with this, patients start having symptoms like decreased ability to think and concentrate, loss of facial expression, stiffness in the neck, muscle spasms, dehydration, weight loss and unusual movements. In many cases, the patient may slip into a coma at this stage. Apart from this, in this phase, sometimes there are sudden changes in the behaviour of the patient such as confusion, unconscious speaking, anxiety, disorientation etc.

Recovery stage-

In this phase, the active inflammation begins to subside and the temperature, ESR normal and neurological symptoms begin to stabilize. Also, there are improvements in it. This phase usually lasts for 1 to 2 months. The patient starts recovering in this stage.

Symptoms of Japanese Encephalitis (Japanese Fever)

In general, the initial symptoms of Japanese fever are similar to those of normal fever but apart from this other symptom are also seen. Let's know about these other symptoms-

• High fever.
• Sharp shivering (cold) feeling.
• Having a headache.
• Muscle weakness or paralysis.
• Neck stiffness.
• Confusion or seizures.
• Feeling unable to speak.
• Lack of consciousness.
• Uncontrollable tremors in body parts.
• Having physical weakness.
• Vomiting and nausea.
• Loss of appetite.
• Feeling tired.
• Bad taste in the mouth.
• The following symptoms are seen in children.
• Change in behavior of children.
• Bulging of the fontanels in young children and new-borns.
• Not waking up to have a meal at the proper time.
• To be irritable.
• Stiffness in the body.
• Vomiting or nausea.

Causes of Japanese encephalitis (Japanese fever)

Japanese encephalitis is caused by the flavi virus which infects animals and humans. It is a carrier-borne disease. A carrier is an organism that does not itself cause disease but other flaviviruses are transmitted from infected animals (pigs and birds) to uninfected individuals. It affects the membranes surrounding the brain.

Prevention of Japanese Encephalitis (Japanese fever)

• Avoid mosquito bites.
• Get the vaccine for Japanese encephalitis.
• Use anti-mosquito cream or mustard oil on the body.
• Use mosquito net while sleeping.
• Wear clothes that completely cover the body.
• Fumigation of houses with neem leaves daily during the rainy season or summer season.
• Do not leave containers full of water open.
• Keep washroom and kitchen dry.
• Install nets on doors and windows.
• Change the water of the pot and cooler daily.
• Maintain cleanliness around the house.
• Get the mosquito repellent sprayed at the appropriate time.

The navel is a favourable place for many types of microbes to grow in the body. Dust, bacteria, fungus and many other types of germs get trapped inside the navel and start multiplying their numbers due to which the infection spreads. People with a recent abdominal operation are at a higher risk of developing an infection in the navel. Some conditions, which often occur in infants and children, such as thrush and athlete's foot, etc. spread to the navel. Due to infection, white, yellow, brown or blood-like fluid comes out from the navel which also gives a strange smell. Because of this, along with fungal infections in the navel, many other bacterial infections occur. Due to which problems like itching, burning, and pain in the navel while passing urine occurs.

Doctors diagnose this condition on the basis of the patient's symptoms and physical examination. The best way to avoid infection in the navel and the discharge of the navel due to it is to take care of it. Navel infections are treated with antibiotics, antifungal creams or corticosteroid creams, etc. However, in some severe cases, surgery may also be required.

Symptoms of the infection in the Navel

Following are the most common symptoms that people feel when they have an infection in the navel:

• Persistent itching or tingling in the navel.
• Light green, yellow or brown coloured pus coming out of the navel.
• Bad smell from the discharge (pus or fluid) coming out of the navel.
• Bleeding from the navel
• Pain, swelling and redness in and around the navel.
• Overheating of the skin.
• Vomiting and dizziness (this symptom is felt only in severe cases)

Causes of infection in the Navel

Constant touching-

Touching the navel repeatedly also increases the risk of infection because our hands are not always clean. This repeatedly touching the navel increases the risk of bacteria or fungus accumulating in the navel. Due to the moist and warm environment in the navel, microorganisms develop rapidly and spread the infection.

Lack of cleanliness-

Poor hygiene is the main cause of infection in the navel. Microorganisms easily start accumulating in the navel by not bathing daily due to which infection occurs in the navel. Apart from this, bathing with unclean water also increases the risk of infection in the navel. However, the most important thing is that not cleaning the navel while bathing and not removing the soap and water stored inside the navel after bathing helps the microorganisms to grow.

Bacterial infection-

The navel is known to be home to a variety of bacteria. If you do not clean that area properly, then bacteria can cause infection in the navel. Due to bacterial infection, green or yellowish smelly discharge starts coming out of the navel. In this condition, there is swelling and pain and a crust forms around the navel.

Yeast infection-

Candidiasis is a type of yeast infection that is caused by a type of yeast named Candida. It is a yeast that develops in moist and dark parts of the body (where there is no exposure to sunlight and air). It occurs in the folds of the skin (skin on the skin) like in the groin and under your arms. Yeast can also accumulate in your navel especially if you do not clean your navel properly. This causes a red and itchy rash to form in the navel and a thick white discharge starts coming out.

Diabetes-

People who have diabetes are more likely to get an infection of the navel. This is because yeast eats the sugar and due to diabetes, the amount of sugar in the blood increases.

Surgery-

If a person has had any surgery recently. For example, with hernia surgery etc., pus starts flowing from the navel. If this happens, contact a doctor immediately because it can be a sign of a serious infection that needs to be treated.

Urachal cyst-

When the baby is growing in its mother's womb, its bladder is connected to the umbilical cord through a thin tube called urachus. In this way, urine is expelled from the body of the baby during its stay in the womb. The urachus duct usually closes before birth but sometimes it does not close completely and remains slightly open.

Sebaceous cyst-

It is a type of lump which can develop in the navel as well as in many other parts of the body. It develops from an oil-releasing gland. It is called sebaceous glands. In this, there are black pimples in the centre of the cyst. If this cyst is infected, a yellowish-coloured, foul-smelling fluid oozes from it. The cyst may also swell and become red in colour.

Preventive measures of infection in the Navel

• Wash the navel daily even while taking a bath with soap with soft fingers. For this, use a soap that helps fight bacteria.
• After washing the navel, do not leave it wet, that is, wipe it well with a towel and dry it. Leaving it wet can aggravate the infection.
• Try to keep the navel dry with talcum powder throughout the day.
• Change sports clothes regularly. By doing this, sweating will not be there & the navel will remain dry.
• When exercising, wear clothes that allow your skin to breathe and absorb sweat.

When does the risk of infection in the Navel increase?

There are certain types of factors that increase the risk of infection in the navel, such as-

• Abdominal surgery or pregnancy.
• Any wound or injury around the navel.
• certain types of clothing.

Checking for infection in the navel-

The following blood tests are done to detect signs of infection from a sample of blood:

• Total leukocyte count.
• Differential leukocyte count.
• ESR test pus culture and sensitivity (taking a sample of discharge from the navel).
• Sometimes doctors take a piece of infected cell from the pus or navel as a sample and send it to the lab for testing. The doctor doing the test examines a sample of pus or cells with the help of a microscope and determines whether the person has an infection.

Home remedies for Navel infection

Turmeric-

Turmeric is considered to be the best antioxidant antibacterial element because many types of antibodies present in it protect the body from infection. Also, it helps to get rid of them even after infection. Make a paste of turmeric and apply it to the infected area.

Neem tree-

Turmeric powder with neem is very beneficial. For this reason, while making turmeric paste, crush some neem leaves in that paste and apply it to the place of infection.

Tea tree oil-

Tea tree oil is one of the most popular remedies for treating infections in the navel. Coconut oil mixed with tea tree oil is also applied to the affected area several times a day.

Coconut oil-

Antifungal and antimicrobial elements are found in coconut oil. It kills the bacteria causing the infection and slows down the growth of the fungus. Apart from this, coconut oil also reduces the redness, pain and heat of the skin associated with the infection of the navel.

Aloe vera-

When to go to the doctor?

If there is discharge from your navel, then see the doctor because it can be a sign of a serious infection. Apart from this, contact the doctor immediately in the following symptoms of infection in the navel-

• Aloe vera juice helps to get rid of this fungal infection. Also, washing the fungal infection with warm salt water once or twice a day is very beneficial.
• After bathing the skin of the navel, wipe it well with a towel and always keep the navel clean and dry.
• Use an antifungal cream or powder to remove the infection. Apart from this, if there is more infection, start bathing with an antifungal shampoo.
• The fungal infection mostly occurs in the navel. In this case, reduce the intake of sweet and oily foods.
  • In case of high fever.
  • When there is redness on the skin.
  • Tenderness (pain when touched) in the abdomen.
  • Pain while urinating.

एनल फिस्टुला को भगन्दर के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। यह एक छोटी नली के समान होता है।जो आंत के अंत के भाग को गुदा के पास की त्वचा से जोड़ देता है। यह आमतौर पर, तब होता है जब कोई संक्रमण सही तरीके से ठीक नहीं हो पाता। ज़्यादातर भगन्दर गुदा नली में पस के इकठ्ठा होने से होते हैं। यह पस त्वचा से खुद भी बाहर निकल जाती है और कई बार इसके लिए ऑपरेशन की आवश्यकता भी पड़ सकती है। भगन्दर तब होता है जब पस का त्वचा से बाहर आने के लिए बनाया गया रास्ता खुला रह जाता है या वह ठीक नहीं हो पाता। दर्द, सूजन, सामान्य रूप से मल आने में बदलाव और गुदा से रिसाव होना इसके लक्षण होते हैं। इसकी जांच के लिए डॉक्टर एक शारीरिक परीक्षण करते हैं। जिसमें गुदा और आसपास की जगह में भगन्दर की जांच की जाती है। भगन्दर के इलाज के लिए सर्जरी की जा सकती है। जिसमें संक्रमित जगह से पस को निकाला जाता है।

एनल फिस्टुला (भगन्दर) के प्रकार -

• सामान्य या जटिल (Simple or Complex)।अत:एक या एक से ज़्यादा भगन्दर होने को सामान्य या जटिल फिस्टुला के रूप में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है।
• कम या ज़्यादा (Low or High)। अत: भगन्दर के होने की जगह और स्फिंकटर मांसपेशियों (Sphincter Muscles: दो अंगूठी जैसी मासपेशियां जो गुदा को खोलती और बंद करती हैं) से उसकी नजदीकी के आधार पर उसे कम या ज्यादा में वर्गीकृत किया जाता है।

एनल फिस्टुला (भगन्दर) के लक्षण-

• गुदा में बार-बार फोड़े होना।
• गुदा के आसपास दर्द और सूजन होना।
• मल करने में दर्द होना।
• रक्तस्त्राव होना।
• गुदा के पास एक छेद से बदबूदार और खून वाली पस निकलना (पस निकलने के बाद दर्द कम हो सकता है)।
• बार-बार पस निकलने के कारण गुदा के आसपास की त्वचा में जलन होना।
• बुखार, ठण्ड लगना और थकान महसूस होना।
• कब्ज होना आदि।

एनल फिस्टुला (भगन्दर) के कारण-

• ज़्यादातर भगंदर गुदा में फोड़ा होने के बाद होते हैं। यह तब हो सकते हैं,जबफोड़े से पस निकलने के बाद वह ठीक नहीं हो पाता। ऐसा अनुमान लगाया जाता है कि हर दो से चार लोग जिन्हें गुदा में फोड़ा हुआ है।उन्हें भगन्दर की समस्या होती है।
• क्रोहन रोग (एक प्राकार की लम्बी चलने वाली बीमारी। जिसमें पाचन तंत्र में सूजन हो जाती है)
• डाइवर्टिक्युलाइटिस (Diverticulitis)।इसमें बड़ी आंत की परत में बनने वाली थैलियों में सूजन हो जाती है।
• गुदा की आसपास की त्वचा में फोड़े और दाग पड़ना।
• टीबी या एचआईवी से संक्रमित होना।
• गुदा के पास हुई कोई सर्जरी की जटिलता।

एनल फिस्टुला (भगन्दर) के घरेलू उपचार-

फाइबर युक्त भोजन-

भगंदर में कब्ज हो जाती है। कब्ज दूर करने के लिए फाइबर वाली चीजों का सेवन करना चाहिए। भगंदर रोग के दौरान मांसाहारी भोजन कम खाना चाहिए। और फल-सब्जियां एवंसाबुत अनाज आदि चीजों का सेवन ज्यादा करना चाहिए।

गुनगुने पानी से सिकाई-

भगंदर होने पर गुदा भाग पर गुनगुने पानी से सिकाई करना फायदेमंद होता है। सिकाई भगंदर के दौरान राहत देती है। इसके लिए गर्म पानी में बीटाडीन डाल कर प्रभावित हिस्से की सिकाई करें।

नीम की पत्तियां-

भगंदर भगाने में नीम की पत्तियां रामबाण औषधि है। इसके लिए नीम की पत्तियों का कई तरह से उपयोग किया जाता है। नीम की पत्तियों को उबालकर, उस पानी से भगंदर को धोना चाहिए। उबली हुई नीम की पत्तियों का पेस्ट बनाकर भगंदर पर लगाने से भी लाभ मिलता है। भगंदर में नीम और देशी घी का लेप भी बहुत कारगर साबित होता है।

अनार के पत्ते-

अनार एक ऐसा फल है, जो शरीर में खून की मात्रा बढ़ाने के साथ-साथ कई बीमारियों से भी बचाने का काम करता है। इसके पत्तों में भी कई गुण होते हैं। इसलिए अनार के पत्ते को पानी में उबाल लेने के बाद, उस पानी से फिस्टुला से प्रभावित क्षेत्र को धोने से बहुत लाभ प्राप्त होता है।

काली मिर्च-

लाजवंती और काली मिर्च के उपयोग से भगंदर में राहत मिलती है। काली मिर्च और लाजवंती को पीसकर उसका एक लेप तैयार करें और फिर उस लेप को फिस्टुला वाली जगह पर लगाएं।

लहसुन-

लहसुन में पावरफुल एंटीऑक्सीडेंट गुण होते हैं। लहसुन अपने स्वाद, एंटी-बायोटिक तत्वों और स्वास्थ्य लाभों के लिए जाना जाता है।इसलिए इसे भोजन में या फिर कच्चा भी खाया जाता है। दरअसल लहसुन जीवाणु खत्म करने की बेहतरीन दवा है। इसलिए लहसुन को  पहले पीसकर घी में भुन लेना चाहिए और फिर उसे भगंदर वाली जगह पर लगाना चाहिए।

Endocarditis is a problem related to the heart which is caused by an infection in the heart in which there is swelling in the inner layer of the heart. This inner layer of the heart is called the endocardium. When bacteria, fungi or other germs get infected from any other part of the body in this layer, this condition is called endocarditis. Apart from this, these infections also spread through oral activities and the bloodstream which affect the heart.

Usually, the endocardium includes the valves of the heart. In addition, it includes the interventricular septum, the mural endocardium, chordae tendineae and the surfaces of intracardiac devices. The lesions of endocarditis are known as vegetations which is a part of fibrin, platelets, microcolonialism of microorganisms and inflammatory cells.

Symptoms of Endocarditis

Some common symptoms of endocarditis or heart infection are seen are as follows-

• Flu-like chills and fever.
• Persistent cough.
• Distinctive (altered) sound from the heart due to increased blood flow.
• Feeling more weak and tired.
• Severe pain in joints and muscles.
• Night sweats while sleeping.
• Shortness of breath.
• Chest pain while breathing.
• Swelling in abdomen and legs.

Apart from this, some unusual symptoms of endocarditis are also seen which are as follows-

• Rapid weight loss without any reason.
• Blood in the urine.
• Spleen tenderness due to infection.
• Red rash on the palms and soles of the feet.
• Red and soft bumps on the skin of the toes.
• Petechiae i.e, red or purple patches on the skin, mouth, and eyes.

Causes of Endocarditis

The main causes of endocarditis are bacteria and germs reaching the inner lining of the heart (endocardium). When these germs enter the blood vessels, they spread through the blood to the heart or other parts of the body. After that these germs start to damage the valve or tissue of the heart. Apart from this, fungi or microorganisms are responsible for causing endocarditis. Let us know by which means these germs enter the body-

• If you do not clean your mouth regularly.
• When the blood coming out of the gums goes to the inner tissue of the heart.
• When using a tattooing needle.
• Taking illicit drugs, narcotic drugs such as heroin, cocaine through infectious needles.
• When the gums are cut due to some dental procedure.

Risk factors for getting Endocarditis

Artificial heart valve-

People with artificial valves are more prone to spreading germs than normal heart valves.

Congenital heart defect-

People who have had a heart-related disease since birth may be more susceptible to infection.

Have ever had endocarditis before-

If a person has had endocarditis in the past, then they are more likely to get a heart-related infection because once the person has endocarditis, the heart tissue of the person has been damaged. Therefore, it can also be a risk factor for having endocarditis.

Rheumatic fever-

Having rheumatic fever causes damage to the heart valves. This increases the risk of developing endocarditis.

Prevention methods of Endocarditis

• Pay special attention to the health of your teeth.
• Wash your hands thoroughly before eating.
• Clean the teeth and gums thoroughly with the help of floss and consult a dentist regularly.
• Avoid piercing, tattooing, and other types of skin-infecting procedures.
• In case of any type of skin infection and the wound is not healing, contact the doctor immediately.

Tests for Endocarditis

Blood culture-

To check for endocarditis, doctors recommend a blood culture test. Through this test, bacteria and fungi are detected. Apart from this, anaemia etc. is also detected through a blood test.

Echocardiogram test-

Echocardiogram test is used for endocarditis. Through this test, pictures of the heart are taken through sound waves through which is known about the infection in the tissue of the heart.

Electrocardiogram-

When the report from the echocardiogram is not clear, in this situation the doctor requests the patient to undergo an electrocardiogram test. In this test, the doctor checks the patient's heartbeat.

X-ray-

Doctors do chest X-rays to know the condition of the lungs and heart through which the enlarged size of the heart and infection in the lungs are detected.

CT scan or MRI-

The doctor may also prescribe a CT scan or MRI test if there is a serious problem of endocarditis. By this, apart from the heart, the spread of infection to other parts of the body is also detected.

Complex problems associated with endocarditis

Stroke and damage to limbs-

In endocarditis, cell fragments and clumps of bacteria form at the site of infection. When these bacteria break down and disperse, in this condition they reach the stomach, kidney, brain and various parts of the body through the blood causing stroke or damage to other tissues or organs. Along with this, various physical and mental problems start arising.

Infection in muscles or other parts-

Endocarditis forms abscessed pus in other parts of the body including the kidney, brain, liver, spleen due to which an abscess can also form in the heart muscle. As a result, the heartbeat may be abnormal. In this case, surgery may also be required to treat severe abscesses.

Heart failure-

If not treated in time, endocarditis damages the heart valves. If left untreated, this infection can permanently destroy the inner lining. This makes it difficult for the valve to pump blood. As a result, the risk of heart failure increases.

Types of Gallstones

Cholesterol gallstones-

Pigment gallstones-

Symptoms of Gallstones

Most people with gallstones do not have any symptoms. They may not even know it until they feel any symptoms. It is also called 'silent gallstones'. As the complications of gallstones progress, so do its symptoms. The most common symptom is a pain in the upper abdomen because it usually comes in episodes. It is also often referred to as an 'attack'. It can take days, weeks, months and even years between attacks of pain. Its pain usually starts 30 minutes after eating a fatty meal. Its pain can generally be severe, dull and constant. The flare can last up to 5 hours. Waves of its pain can go up to the right shoulder and back. This unbearable pain often occurs only during the night.

Some other common symptoms of gallstones are-

• Nausea and vomiting.
• A negative reaction of the body to fatty foods.
• Causes of Gallstones

The cause of gallstones is not yet established and it can occur at any age but there are some factors, which can increase the chances of gallstones such as-

• Post-bariatric surgery.
• Taking certain medicines.
• Due to prolonged illness.
• Diagnosis & Treatment of Gallstones

Ultrasound test-

In this test sound waves are used to take pictures of the internal parts of the patient's body. Gallstones are well visible in these types of tests.

MRI scan-

Endoscopic ultrasound scan-

CT scan-

Home remedies for Gallstones

Apple juice-

Apple juice is consumed as a home remedy for gallstones. If this juice is consumed regularly, then gallstones are removed through the stool because by consuming apple juice, the gallstones become soft and are easily removed through the stool. At the moment, there is no exact concrete evidence in this regard yet but its consumption is considered beneficial.

Lemon juice-

The use of lemon water cures gallstones. According to scientific research in this regard, lemon is a kind of citrus fruit. Its use promotes the ability to expel the stones present in the gall bladder. Apart from this, vitamin C prevents the problem of stones from growing and lemon is considered a good source of vitamin C. Therefore, lemon juice is proven to help get rid of gallstones.

Dandelion-

Dandelion root is used as an effective home remedy for gallstones. According to research published on the website of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), dandelion contains taraxacum and taraxacerin which help treat gall bladder problems. Dandelion root not only improves digestion power but is also used to treat gallstones.

Pear juice-

Drinking pear juice is very beneficial in gallstones because it has anti-inflammatory properties which is an effective way to remove inflammation due to which also prevents the formation of gallstones.

Dysentery is a type of stomach related disease which is mainly caused by dirt. When a person eats or drinks something with dirty hands, the bacteria reach the intestines of the stomach through the hands due to which the problem of dysentery arises. Therefore, one should take special care of cleanliness. When dysentery occurs, the patient starts having loose motions. Sometimes a few drops of blood or mucus appear along with the diarrhoea that leads to physical weakness. This problem is common in young children but can happen in people of all ages. Therefore, it can prove to be a serious problem if it is not treated in time.

The severe form of diarrhoea is called dysentery which is a kind of intestinal disorder. In this, the person's stool comes out like water. Apart from this, blood or mucus also comes with the stool. Usually, this diarrhoea lasts for a week. In some cases, patients recover quickly but in other cases, the patients are not able to recover quickly. Dysentery is mainly caused by bacterial infection. It can also be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites. Apart from this, dysentery is also caused by infection with micro-organisms, certain drugs and other diseases.

Types and Causes of Dysentery

Generally, there are two types of dysentery which are the following-

Bacillary dysentery-

This type of dysentery is caused by a bacteria called Shigella. These bacteria are usually found in contaminated food and water due to which the bacteria called Shigella enter the stomach due to which dysentery, diarrhoea and other types of stomach related problems arise.

Amoebic dysentery-

This type of dysentery is caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. It mostly happens in places with dirt i.e. lack of cleanliness. In particular, this parasite affects the intestines and causes infection with croup. Apart from this, these parasites form cysts. Mostly these parasites live in contaminated places. Also, it can survive outside the body. Therefore, you should clean your hands immediately after coming from the toilet so that no infection can enter the body.

Other causes of dysentery-

• Due to wrong eating habits.
• Eating food with dirty hands.
• Eating uncovered food.
• Consuming food contaminated by flies.
• Taking a bath in a contaminated river or pond.
• Shaking hands or coming into physical contact with infected people.
• Not washing hands thoroughly after toilet.
• Consumption of contaminated water and other beverages.

Symptoms of Dysentery

Many people may have more than one symptom of dysentery which are-

• Loose stools.
• Frequent defecation.
• Abdominal pain or cramps.
• Blood or mucus in the stool.
• Vomiting or nausea.
• Abdominal cramps or other problems.
• Difficulty in passing stool.
• Weakness and fatigue.
• Lack of water (dehydration) in the body.

Take these Precautions in case of Dysentery

• Take special care of cleanliness.
• Avoid drinking contaminated water.
• Make sure to wash hands properly after using the washroom.
• Help young children wash their hands properly.
• Wash hands thoroughly with soap before eating food.
• Wash soiled clothing, bedsheets and towels thoroughly in hot water.
• Do not eat food prepared in the open.
• Do not consume contaminated and stale food.
• Eat well-cooked food.
• Drink an adequate amount of fluids daily.
• Boil water and drink it.

Home remedies of Dysentery

Buttermilk-

Rice and Moong dal water-

In Ayurveda, it is recommended to drink rice and moong dal water for problems like dysentery and constipation.

Drink plenty of water-

Drink plenty of water and fluids like coconut water, lemonade and ORS solution to avoid dehydration.

Haritaki-

Haritaki proves to be effective in getting relief from dysentery because the antibacterial properties found in it prove to be helpful in the home treatment of dysentery. For this, take haritaki powder with lukewarm water.

Honey-

Taking honey with lukewarm water provides relief in loose motion and dysentery. Apart from this, oats, corn flakes, herbal tea etc. can be consumed with honey.

Apple cider vinegar-

Apple cider vinegar is helpful in preventing dysentery or loose motions because it has natural anti-bacterial properties.

Indian Bael-

Consumption of bael fruit is very beneficial for dysentery and stomach problems. Apart from this, drinking bael syrup is also beneficial in dysentery.

Banana-

Consumption of raw bananas is also helpful in preventing dysentery because an element called pectin is found in bananas. Apart from this, peel and mash the green banana and mix it well with buttermilk. Now consume this mixture. It acts as a medicine in the treatment of dysentery.

Papaya-

Consumption of papaya proves to be effective in the treatment of many problems related to dysentery, constipation and stomach. Proteolytic enzymes like papain and chymopapain are found in papaya which is enriched with antiviral, antifungal and antibacterial properties. Its antibacterial property plays an important role in preventing dysentery. For this, peel the papaya, grate it and boil it. Now filter its water, let it cool down and drink it.

• In Ayurveda, buttermilk acts as a medicine in the treatment of dysentery.
• The initial stage of dysentery can be cured only by changing the diet.

गुदा या गुदा नलिका में जब किसी प्रकार का कट या दरार बन जाती है, तो उसे फिशर या एनल फिशर (Anal fissures) कहा जाता है। ऐसा अक्सर तब होता है, जब मल त्याग के दौरान कठोर और बड़े आकार का मल आताहै। जिसकी वजह से मल त्याग करते समयदर्द होता है और कई बार मल के साथ में खून भी आ जाता है। फिशर के दौरान रोगी को अपने गुदा के अंत में मांसपेशियों में ऐंठन महसूस होती है। फिशर छोटे बच्चों में काफी सामान्य स्थिति होती है।लेकिन यह किसी भी उम्र में हो सकता है। फिशर की ज्यादातर समस्याएं सामान्य उपचारों से ठीक हो जाती हैं, जैसे खाद्य पदार्थों में फाइबर की मात्रा ज्यादा लेना और सिट्ज बाथ (Sitz bath) लेना आदि। फिशर की गंभीर अवस्थाओं में रोगी को मेडिकल मदद की आवश्यकता पड़ सकती है और कभी-कभी सर्जरी करवाने की आवश्यकता भी पड़ जाती है।

एनल फिशर के प्रकार-

फिशर के सामान्य तौर पर दो प्रकार होते हैं-

तीव्र (Acute)-

त्वचा की ऊपरी सतह पर छेद या दरार को एक्यूट फिशर कहा जाता है।

दीर्घकालिक (Chronic)-

जबत्वचा की सतह पर हुए छेद या दरार ठीक न हो पाए, तो समय के साथ-साथ वह क्रॉनिक फिशर की ओर विकसित होने लगता है।

एनल फिशर के लक्षण-

• मल त्याग के दौरान दर्द हानो। जो कभी-कभी गंभीर हो जाता है।
• मल त्याग करने के बाद दर्द होना।जो कई घंटों तक रह सकता है।
• मल त्याग के बाद मल पर गहरा लाल रंग दिखाई देना।
• गुदा के आसपास खुजली या जलन होना।
• गुदा के चारों ओर की त्वचा में दरारे दिखाई देना।
• गुदा फिशर के पास त्वचा पर गांठ का दिखाई देना।

एनल फिशर के कारण-

गुदा व गुदा नलिका की त्वचा में क्षति होना फिशर का सबसे सामान्य कारण होता है। ज्यादातर मामलों में यह उन लोगों को होता है।जिनको कब्ज की समस्या होती है। विशेष रूप से जब कठोर औरबड़े आकार का मल गुदा के अंदर से गुजरता है।तो वह गुदा औरगुदा नलिका की परतों को नुकसान देता है।

फिशर के अन्य संभावित कारण-

• लगातार डायरिया (दस्त) रहना।
• इंफ्लेमेटरी बाउल डिजीज (IBD), जैसे क्रोहन रोग, अल्सरेटिव कोलाइटिस।
• लंबे समय तक कब्ज रहना।
• कभी-कभी यौन संचारित संक्रमण (STI), जैसे कि सिफिलिस या हर्पीस, जो गुदा व गुदा नलिका को संक्रमित कर नुकसान पहुंचाते हैं।
• एनल स्फिंक्टर की मांसपेशियां का असामान्य रूप से टाइट होना।
• कई शिशुओं को उनके जीवन के पहले साल में एनल फिशर हो जाता है।
• वृद्ध लोगों में रक्त संचार धीमा हो जाता है।जिससे उनके गुदा क्षेत्र में रक्त प्रवाह में कमी आ जाती है। जिस कारण से उनमें आंशिक रूप से फिशर की समस्या विकसित हो सकती है।
• गर्भावस्था और प्रसव।
• फाइबरयुक्त आहार का सेवन कम करना।
• गुदा में खरोंच लगना।
• गुदा और मलाशय में सूजन होना।
• मलाशय में कैंसर।
• मलत्याग करने के बाद गुदा को कठोरता या अत्याधिक दबाव के साथ पौंछना।

एनल फिशर से बचाव-

• एक संतुलित आहार खाएं।जिसमें अच्छी मात्रा में फाइबर, फल और सब्जियां शामिल होती हैं।
• पर्याप्त मात्रा में तरल पदार्थ पिएं।
• नियमित रूप से व्यायाम करते रहें।
• शराब व कैफीनयुक्त पदार्थों (चाय और कॉफी) का सेवन करें।
• जब शौचालय जाने की इच्छा महसूस हो तो उसे अनदेखा नहीं करना चाहिए। क्योंकि आंतों को खाली न करना बाद में कब्ज का कारण बन सकता है। ऐसा इसलिए होता है, क्योंकि आंतों में जमा होने वाला मल कठोर बन जाता है।जो गुदा के अंदर से गुजरने के दौरान दर्द औरगुदा में दरार (खरोंच) पैदा करता है।
• टॉयलेट में अधिक देर तक न बैठें और न ही अधिक जोर लगाएं। ऐसा करने से गुदा नलिका में दबाव बढ़ता है। अगर आपको कोई अन्य स्वास्थ्य संबंधी समस्या है। जो फिशर होने के जोखिम को बढ़ाती हैतो इस बारे में डॉक्टर को बताएं।

एनल फिशर का परीक्षण-

एंडोस्कोपी-

गुदा, गुदा नलिका और निचले मलाशय की जांच करना।

सिग्मोइडोस्कोपी-

बड़ी आंत के निचले हिस्से की जांच करना।

बायोप्सी-

परीक्षण करने के लिए गुदा के ऊतक का सैंपल निकालना।

कोलनोस्कोपी-

कॉलन (बृहदान्त्र) की जांच करना।

एनल फिशर के घरेलू उपचार-

फाइबर युक्त भोजन का सेवन करें-

उच्च मात्रा में फाइबर युक्त खाद्य पदार्थ जैसे- गेहूं का चोकर, बीन्स, मटर, कद्दू के बीज, सोया बीन्स, मल को बहुत कठोर या बहुत तरल बनने से रोकते हैं। इस प्रकार फाइबर युक्त भोजन का सेवन, एनल फिशर को रोकने के लिए प्रभावी घरेलू उपचारों में से एक है।

सिट्ज बाथ (हॉट बाथ)-

एनल फिशर के कारण होने वाली परेशानियों को कम करने के लिए हॉट बाथ लेना फायदेमंद होता है। इससे गुदा क्षेत्र में रक्त के प्रवाह को सुचारू करने में मदद मिलती है। जिससे मामूली दरारों और ऊतक के विभाजन को ठीक करने में सहायता मिलती है। यह एनल फिशर के कारण होने वाले दर्द, सूजन और खुजली को भी कम करने में मदद करता है। इसे करने के लिए, एक बड़े बाथटब को गर्म पानी से भरें। फिर इसमें लैवेंडर एसेंशियल ऑयल की कुछ बूंदें मिलाएं। अब टब में लगभग 15 से 20 मिनट तक बैठें। ऐसा दिन में दो से तीन बार करें।

जैतून का तेल-

जैतून का तेल, एक समृद्ध प्राकृतिक रेचक है। जोमल त्याग को आसान बनाने में मदद करता है। इसमें मौजूद एंटी-इंफ्लेमेटरी गुणों के कारण यह मल को आसानी से पारित होने में मदद करता है। इसे इस्तेमाल करने के लिए एक कटोरी में जैतून का तेल, शहद और मोम को समान मात्रा में मिलाएं। इसे माइक्रोवेव में तब तक गर्म करें जब तक मोम पूरी तरह से पिघल न जाए। फिर इसे इसे ठंडा होने के उपरान्त प्रभावित क्षेत्र पर लगाएं।

एलोवेरा-

एलोवेरा में दर्द निवारक गुण होते हैं। जो एनल फिशर के लक्षणों को कम करते हैं। यह क्षतिग्रस्त त्वचा के ऊतकों की रिपेयर में भी मदद करते हैं। इनका उपयोग करने के लिएएलोवेरा के पौधे के एक पत्ते को लें और इसे काटकर जेल को बाहर निकालें। फिर इस जेल को प्रभावित हिस्से पर लगाएं।

जंक फूड से दूर रहें-

जंक फूड्स से अपच होता है। जो एनल फिशर की स्थिति को खराब करता है। ऐसे में जंक फूड का सेवन न करें।

उच्च पानी युक्त फल का सेवन करें-

उच्च पानी युक्त खाद्य पदार्थ, शरीर को हाइड्रेटेड रखने में मदद करते हैं। यह मल त्याग को भी बढ़ावा देते हैं और पाचन प्रक्रिया में सुधार करते हैं। जिसके परिणामस्वरूप मल के पारित होने के दौरान कम तनाव होता है।

कब जाएं डॉक्टर के पास-

• मल त्याग के दौरान दर्द होने पर।
• मल त्याग करने के बाद मल में खून दिखाई देने पर।

एकैल्शिया एक विरल (rare) अपितु गंभीर रोग है। जो आमतौर पर ग्रासनली अर्थात भोजन नली को प्रभावित करता है। ग्रासनली एक प्रकार की ट्यूब होती है। जो भोजन को गले से पेट तक लेकर जाती है। इसके अलावा शरीर में एक लोअर इसोफेजियल स्पेक्टर भी होता है। जो एकैल्शिया होने पर भोजन चबाते समय ठीक से खुल नहीं पाता। जिसके कारण चबाया हुआ भोजन नलिका में ही रह जाता है। इस परिस्थिति में कई बार भोजन नली की तंत्रिकाएं भी डैमेज हो जाती हैं। इस प्रकार इस विकार से पीड़ित व्यक्ति को भोजन निगलने में बेहद परेशानी होती है। साथ ही ग्रासनली में बेचैनी बनी रहती है।

एकैल्शिया से पीड़ित होने पर व्यक्ति को अपच, उल्टी, छाती में दर्द, जलन और वजन घटने जैसी परेशानियों को झेलना पड़ता है। क्योंकि इस बीमारी में ग्रासनली सामान्य तरीके अपना काम नहीं कर पाती। फलस्वरूप भोजन लार के साथ मिलकर भोजन नली से होते हुए पेट में नहीं पहुंच पाता।

एकैल्शिया के लक्षण-

एकैल्शिया शरीर को कई तरह से प्रभावित करता है। इस रोग से ग्रसित लोगों को अक्सर भोजन और तरल पदार्थ निगलने में कठिनाई होती है। जिसके कारण उन्हें ऐसा महसूस होता है कि भोजन उनके गले में ही अटका हुआ है। यह बीमारी ज्यादातर 25 से 60 साल के लोगों को प्रभावित करती है। वहीं, इस बीमारी के लक्षण कई महीनों या वर्षों तक रह सकते हैं। अत: इसके लक्षण निम्नलिखित हैं:

• खाने के बाद दर्द और घबराहट होना।
• छाती में दर्द और बेचैनी होना।
• तरल या ठोस पदार्थ निगलने में परेशानी होना।
• गले में गांठ जैसा महसूस होना।
• वजन कम होना।
• छाती में जलन होना।
• तनाव महसूस होना आदि।

कभी-कभी कुछ लोगों में बिना कोई लक्षण सामने आए, अचानक सांस लेने में तकलीफ, गले में कफ जमना, गले में भोजन या कुछ फंसने जैसी दिक्कतें भी देखी जाती हैं। इसके अलावा कई बार भोजन नलिका से भोजन का वापस आना और एसिड रिफ्लक्स जैसे लक्षण भी सामने आने लगते हैं।

एकैल्शिया होने के कारण-

इस रोग का कोई सटीक कारण नहीं है। यह विभिन्न कारणों से हो सकता है। यह आनुवांशिक (genetic), ऑटोइम्यून डिसऑर्डर (स्व-प्रतिरक्षित विकार) और वायरल संक्रमण जैसे कारणों से हो सकता है। ऑटोइम्यून डिसऑर्डर के समय शरीर का इम्यून सिस्टम गलती से शरीर की स्वस्थ कोशिकाओं पर हमला कर देता है। जिसका प्रभाव ग्रासनली की तंत्रिकाओं पर भी पड़ता है। जिसके कारण व्यक्ति को कुछ खाते-पीते वक्त उसे निगलने में कठिनाई होने लगती है।

एकैल्शिया का इलाज एवं जांच प्रक्रिया-

एकैल्शिया का इलाज एवं जांच करने के लिए डॉक्टर्स पीड़ित व्यक्ति के शरीर की जांच करने के लिए कुछ टेस्ट करते हैं। साथ ही उसके पारिवारिक इतिहास को जानने की भी कोशिश करते हैं।

एसोफेगल मैनोमेट्री-

इस टेस्ट के जरिए भोजन निगलते समय ग्रासनली में मांसपेशियों के संकुचन को देखा जाता है। जिससे इस बात का पता लगाया जाता है कि लोअर एसोफेगल स्पिंक्टर भोजन निगलते समय कितना खुल एवं बंद हो रहा है।

एक्सरे-

इस प्रकिया के लिए पहले मरीज के पाचन तंत्र (Digestive System) की अंदरूनी परत को एक विशेष तरल पदार्थ से भरा जाता है। उसके बाद पाचन तंत्र के ऊपरी हिस्से, पेट एवं आंत के ऊपरी हिस्से और भोजन नलिका की जांच की जाती है। इस प्रक्रिया के लिए रोगी को बेरियम की गोली खाने के लिए दी जाती है। जो ग्रासनली में होने वाली रुकावट की जांच करने में सहायता करती है।

एंडोस्कोपी-

इस प्रक्रिया में डॉक्टर मरीज के गले में लाइट और कैमरा से युक्त एक लचीला ट्यूब डालकर ग्रासनली (esophagus) और पेट की जांच करते हैं। इस टेस्ट के जरिए भोजन नलिका में होने वाली रुकावट की जांच की जाती है। इसके अलावा टिश्यू का सैंपल लेकर उसे एसिड रिफ्लक्स की जांच के लिए प्रयोगशाला भेज दिया जाता है।

मायोटॉमी सर्जरी-

मायोटॉमी एक शल्य चिकित्सा (Surgery) प्रक्रिया है। इसमें रोगी के स्पिन्टरर मांसपेशियों को खोलने के लिए एसोफैगस (ग्रासनली) को थोड़ा काट दिया जाता है। इस प्रकार यह सर्जरी रोगी को निगलने का स्थायी समाधान देती है।

प्री-ओरल एंडोस्कोपिक मायोटॉमी-

• यह एक नया उपचार है। जिसमे ऑपरेशन करने के बजाय रोगी को गैस्ट्रोस्कोप का उपयोग करके मायोटॉमी करने के लिए दिया जाता है।
• इन सबके अलावा कुछ मामलों में रोगी के इसोफेजियल स्फिंक्टर (sophageal sphincter) में एक गुब्बारा डालकर, उसे बढ़ाने की कोशिश की जाती है। ताकि 5 मरीज का एसोफेजियल स्फिंक्टर थोड़ा खुल सके। एसोफेजियल स्फिंक्टर के न खुलने पर इस प्रक्रिया को बार-बार दोहराया जाता है।

एकैल्शिया के घरेलू उपचार-

एकैल्शिया होने पर जीवनशैली में कुछ बदलाव लाकर और खानपान की सही आदतों को अपनाकर इस समस्या से काफी हद तक बचा जा सकता है। अत: यह बदलाव निम्नलिखित हैं-

• एकैल्शिया से पीड़ित होने पर ज्यादा से ज्यादा पानी पिएं। इसके अलावा भोजन करते समय भी बीच-बीच में पानी पिएं। क्योंकि पानी की मदद से भोजन निगलने में परेशानी कम होती है।
• एकैल्शिया से पीड़ित होने पर कुछ दिनों के लिए ठोस की बजाय केवल लिक्विड डाइट लें।
• इस दौरान उचित मात्रा में कार्बोनेटेड पेय पदार्थ का सेवन करें। इससे ग्रासनली पर दबाव बढ़ता है और यह आसानी से पेट में पहुंच जाता है।
• एकैल्शिया के कारण वजन घटने पर हेल्दी लिक्विड डाइट सप्लिमेंट का सेवन करें।
• एकैल्शिया के समय कुपोषण और शारीरिक कमजोरी को कम करने के लिए पोषक तत्वों, विटामिन और मिनरल से भरपूर आहार का सेवन करें।
• एकैल्शिया से पीड़ित होने पर मरीज को दही, दूध, दलिया, ओट्स, जूस और सूप जैसे फूड्स का सेवन करना चाहिए।
• हमेशा भोजन को अच्छी तरह से चबाकर खाएं।
• एकैल्शिया से पीड़ित होने पर किसी भी ऐसे पदार्थ का सेवन न करें, जिसे निगलने में कठिनाई महसूस हो।
• एकैल्शिया के समय पेट में कब्ज या गैस बनाने वाली किसी भी चीज का सेवन न करें।
• प्रतिदिन व्यायाम करें।
• सोते समय सिर को तकिए या अन्य किसी गद्देनुमा चीज से थोड़ा ऊपर रखकर सोएं। ऐसा करने से इसोफेजियल, पेट की सामग्री को खाली करने में बढ़ावा देती है। वहीं, मरीज को शांस लेने में अधिक कठनाई नहीं होती।

Due to the hustle and bustle of life, often all of us are unable to pay attention to our health and food items due to which many diseases start arising in the body. Haemorrhoids are also one of those diseases. Haemorrhoid is a disease that is very painful. In this condition, there is swelling in the lower part of the rectum and inside the anus due to which warts start forming inside the anus or on the initial parts of the rectum. These warts sometimes stay inside, sometimes they come out. Usually, 60 to 70 per cent of the people have to go through the problem of piles at some stage of their age. If it is not treated in time, the pain can increase.

What is Haemorrhoids?

Haemorrhoids are a type of inflammation, which occurs in the anus and lower part (rectum) inside the kidney and lower rectum there is a network of small blood vessels (veins). Sometimes these veins become more dilated and fill with more blood than normal. Then these nerves and the tissues above cause inflammation called piles. Haemorrhoids are very common in some people and develop heavy bleeding in some people. The most common symptom is bleeding when going to the toilet but larger haemorrhoids can cause mucus leakage, pain, burning and itching when going to the toilet.

Types of Haemorrhoids

There are two types of piles. First internal haemorrhoids and second external piles. Let us know in detail about these types-

Internal Haemorrhoids-

The most common hallmark of internal haemorrhoids is bleeding during bowel movements that is why it is also known as bleeding haemorrhoids. This problem occurs at the beginning of the rectum and inside the anus. In this, there are warts inside the anus. When the tissue (wart) here gets bigger, it can come out, which is called a prolapse. In this, while passing stool, blood drips a little along with the stool or starts coming in the form of the atomizer. Warts go inside on their own after defecation but in severe condition, it does not go inside even after pressing it with hand. Therefore, without ignoring, this type of piles should be treated immediately.

External Hemorrhoids-

This type of piles occurs outside the anus. There is no bleeding in its warts and these warts can be easily seen outside. The affected person feels itching and burning in the affected areas. In common parlance, it is also known as bad piles. It doesn't give much trouble in the initial stage but due to wrong eating habits and constipation, these warts swell. Also, blood clots form in these warts and there is swelling due to which the person has to face unbearable pain. In this type of piles, there is also difficulty in cleaning the affected areas after having a bowel movement.

Symptoms of Haemorrhoids

• Bleeding from the rectum.
• Hard and thick stools.
• Feeling difficulty while passing bowel movements.
• Excessive straining while passing bowel movements.
• Unbearable pain while defecating.
• Itching, redness, burning and swelling around the anus.
• Mucous discharge during defecation.
• Sitting in the toilet for a long time.
• Frequent urge to pass stool but not passing stool during defecation.
• Formation of one or more hard lumps around the anus.

Causes and Risk factors of Haemorrhoids

Piles are known as Arsha in Ayurveda. It is believed that piles are caused by the contamination of the three doshas - Vata, Pitta and Kapha, hence it is also known as Tridoshaja disease. According to Ayurveda, piles in which Vata or Kapha predominate, it is called dry Arsha. There is no bleeding in this type of piles but it causes more pain. On the contrary, the Arsha in which blood and bile predominate is called Ardra Arsha. Bleeding occurs in this type of piles. Apart from this, there are some other reasons behind the occurrence of piles such as-

• Genetics and ageing.
• Sitting for a long time, especially in the toilet.
• Weakening of the tissues of the anus or rectum.
• Standing and working for several hours.
• By not consuming fibre rich food.
• Not having food at the right time.
• Consuming too much oil and chilli spices.
• Lack of physical labour.
• On excessive consumption of health supplements.
• When stressed, depressed or anxious.
• Obesity etc.

In the case of Haemorrhoids, pay attention to the following things-

• Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet.
• Eat more fibre-rich foods such as legumes and whole grains.
• Do not eat fried and junk food.
• Chew the food and eat it.
• Do not drink water while eating.
• Drink about 4 to 5 litres of water daily.
• Take bath daily and clean the anal area properly.
• Avoid consumption of tea, coffee, smoking etc.
• Do not exert too much force while passing the stool.
• Keep away from the consumption of alcohol.
• Walk and exercise regularly in the morning.

Home remedies for Haemorrhoids

Aloe vera-

Aloe vera is beneficial for people suffering from piles. It is beneficial for both internal and external piles. For this, apply aloe vera gel on anal warts. It calms both burning and itching. Doing this for a few days cures piles. Apart from this, eat aloe vera pulp regularly every day. By doing this, there is no constipation in the stomach and it becomes easy to pass stools.

Apple cider vinegar-

Apple cider vinegar is another effective treatment for piles. It helps in constricting blood vessels due to its astringent properties. People suffering from internal haemorrhoids should drink a glass of water mixed with a spoonful of apple cider vinegar twice a day. Apart from this, for external haemorrhoids, soak cotton in apple vinegar and keep it on the anus for some time. Doing this gives relief from burning and itching.

Tea tree oil-

The beneficial properties of tea tree oil are very effective for piles. It reduces the symptoms of inflammation. The anti-inflammatory compounds present in this oil reduce inflammation as well as pain. The antioxidants also prove to be effective in curing itching, burning etc. For this, mix a few drops of tea tree oil with a carrier oil and apply it on warts.

Garlic-

Garlic is rich in antibiotic properties which helps in curing the symptoms of piles. Apart from this, a compound called allicin is found in garlic, which exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties. All these properties also reduce swelling and pain. For this, boil some raw garlic buds in water and keep them for some time to cool down. Now soak cotton in this water and apply it to the affected areas. By doing this the wart shrinks. Apart from this, peel and crush a few buds of raw garlic and keep it inside the rectum of the person suffering from internal haemorrhoids and leave it overnight. By doing this, there is relief in bleeding piles.

Other Home remedies for piles are-

• Olive oil has anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces the inflammation in the blood vessels. For this, apply olive oil on the warts of external haemorrhoids.
• Dip cotton wool in almond oil and apply it on warts, it provides relief from swelling and irritation.
• Make ashes by burning the hair of the coconut. Now mix this paste with fresh whey and drink it regularly in the morning on an empty stomach. This is beneficial in internal piles.
• Figs are also a good remedy for piles. For this, soak three figs in a glass of water and consume it on an empty stomach in the morning and drink this water as well. Doing this gives relief in piles.
• Roast cumin seeds in internal piles and grind them with sugar candy to make a powder. Now take 1-2 grams of this powder with whey 2-3 times a day regularly. This provides benefits in piles.
• Taking ginger and honey mixed with lemon juice is beneficial in piles.
• Buttermilk acts as nectar in piles. For this, mix one-fourth of ajwain powder and one teaspoon of black salt in a glass of buttermilk and consume it daily with food in the afternoon. This is the most effective way to get relief from piles.
• The consumption of bananas is considered good for getting relief in piles. For this, boil a ripe banana and consume it twice a day.
• Consumption of radish juice also reduces the symptoms of piles
• Putting warm water in a bathtub and sitting for 10-15 minutes provides relief from the pain and burning sensation in piles.

Insomnia is a problem related to sleep. The person suffering from this has trouble sleeping, as a result, he does not get enough sleep and always feels tired. The effects of insomnia can be dire. This usually leads to increased sleepiness, lethargy and a general feeling of being mentally and physically ill all the time. Changes in mood, irritability and anxiety are common symptoms. Problems caused by insomnia range from lack of good sleep to problems associated with decreased sleep duration.

Insomnia can affect a person of any age. It is more common in adult women than in adult men. Sleep disorders impair learning and work performance. It also causes obesity, anxiety, depression, irritability, concentration problems, memory problems, weakened immune system function and reduced reaction time.

Types of Insomnia

Insomnia is generally divided into three types-

Temporary Insomnia-

This is when symptoms last for three nights.

Acute Insomnia-

It is also called short-term insomnia. Its symptoms can last from one night to several weeks.

Chronic Insomnia-

This problem usually lasts for months and sometimes years. According to the National Institutes of Health, most cases of chronic insomnia are side effects resulting from another primary problem.

Symptoms of Insomnia

• Staying up till late at night.
• Feeling tired due to lack of sleep.
• Staying up for long in bed before going to sleep.
• Try different ways to fall asleep.
• Waking up early after sleeping late.
• Inferior concentration and decreased ability to concentrate.
• Memory loss.
• To become uncoordinated.
• Irritability and discontinuation of social interactions.
• Motor vehicle accidents, caused by being tired and not getting enough sleep.

Causes of Insomnia

Insomnia is usually the result of stress, life events or habits that interferes with sleep. Insomnia can be resolved by treating its main causes but sometimes it takes many years.

Causes of Chronic Insomnia

Stress-

Problems related to work, school, health, financial or family can keep your brain active at night due to which it becomes difficult to sleep. Insomnia can be triggered by stressful life events or mental distress, such as death or illness of a close person, divorce or loss of job.

Travel or work schedule-

A person's circadian rhythm acts as an internal clock that guides his sleep-wake cycle, metabolism and body temperature. Insomnia can be caused by the disturbance of the body's circadian rhythm. Reasons for this include air travel in different time zones, working early or in late shifts, or changing shifts frequently.

Bad sleeping habits-

Bad sleeping habits include irregular sleeping times, daytime sleepiness, stimulating activities before bedtime, lack of proper sleeping environment and eating or watching TV while sitting in your bed. Computers, TV, video games, smartphones before bed can interfere with the sleep cycle.

Eating too much food in the evening-

It is okay to have a light meal before bedtime but eating too much can make you feel physically uncomfortable while sleeping. Many people experience chest pain from this. Acid and food backflow from the stomach towards the oesophagus due to which there may be a problem of insomnia.

Mental health disorders-

Anxiety disorders, such as post-traumatic stress disorder can disrupt sleep. Waking up too early can be a sign of depression. Insomnia often occurs along with other mental health disorders.

Medicines-

Many prescription medications interfere with sleep, such as asthma medication, high BP medication, or antidepressant medication. Many over-the-counter medicines including pain killers, allergy and cold medicines, and weight loss products contain caffeine and other stimulants which interfere with sleep.

Medical conditions-

Examples of conditions associated with insomnia include chronic pain, cancer, diabetes, heart disease, asthma, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), overactive thyroid, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.

Sleep disorders-

Sleep apnea disrupts breathing from time to time during the night due to which the person cannot sleep. Restless legs syndrome creates a strange sensation in the legs and the person is forced to move his legs repeatedly without wanting to. In this condition, he cannot sleep.

Caffeine, nicotine and alcohol-

Coffee, tea, cola and other caffeinated drinks contain stimulants. Drinking them after noon time or in the evening disrupts sleep. Nicotine is another stimulant in tobacco products that interferes with sleep. Alcohol can help with sleep but it prevents deep sleep and the person often wakes up in the middle of the night.

Home remedies for Insomnia

Mint tea for insomnia disease-

Consuming mint tea is beneficial in reducing stress, one of the symptoms of insomnia. It also helps in getting good sleep. In addition to mint tea, peppermint oil can also be used in aromatherapy. Therefore, the use of mint tea or peppermint oil at any time throughout the day or before sleeping is effective for insomnia.

Lavender oil for insomnia-

The use of lavender oil as a home remedy for insomnia is also beneficial. A study on female students in Korea showed that aromatherapy with lavender oil reduced insomnia. Apart from this, aromatherapy is also helpful in getting good sleep in post-delivery women. Therefore, lavender oil is used to improve the quality of sleep in patients suffering from insomnia.

Kiwi-

The benefits of kiwi fruit include good sleep. Kiwi fruit is rich in antioxidant properties. For this reason, this fruit is useful in improving the quality of sleep. Along with this, serotonin (serotonin - a type of chemical) is present in it which is useful for good sleep. Kiwi fruit is also counted among sleep-promoting fruits. Therefore, consuming kiwi fruit an hour before sleeping can bring some relief to the problem of insomnia.

Banana for insomnia disease-

Talking about home remedies for insomnia, consuming bananas is an easy and nutritious solution. It is a beneficial fruit that is full of many medicinal properties. According to research, banana is rich in melatonin (a type of hormone) which works to improve sleep due to which there is some relief in the problem of insomnia.

Chamomile for insomnia-

Chamomile tea is consumed as a home remedy for insomnia. This herbal tea has proved beneficial in insomnia. Apart from this, it also helps in getting rid of anxiety and bad dreams. This particular tea is consumed to treat sleep disorders. Apart from this, another research also shows the sleep-promoting properties of chamomile on the basis of which it is considered beneficial in insomnia.

Honey and milk-

The benefits of honey and milk are there for health, but if these two are mixed, then their quality increases further. The use of honey and milk is helpful for good sleep. A study published on the website of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) confirms this. In this research, patients with heart disease were given honey and milk after which the quality of their sleep improved to a great extent. According to this study, it has been proved that the consumption of honey and milk is useful in insomnia.

Green tea-

Green tea is also consumed for a good sleep. This is an effective home remedy to get rid of the problem of sleeplessness. Green tea is rich in the special amino acid L-theanine which works to promote sleep. However, keep in mind that only low-caffeinated green tea should be consumed.

When to go to the doctor?

Consult a doctor immediately if any of the symptoms listed below appear-

• Low concentration.
• Weak memory.
• On feeling uncoordinated.
• Excessive irritability.

Nail fungal Infection is a nail disease that is caused due to infection in the fingers and thumbs of the hands. This type of fungal infection is seen in the nails which is known as onychomycosis in medical language. In addition to the fingernails, this infection can also occur in the toenails due to which the nails become colourless, black and thick. Along with this, the nails start cracking.

Nowadays, nail fungal infection has become a common problem. The main reason for this is dirt, pollution, non-cleanliness of nails, synthetic socks and sweating in the feet for a long time, etc. However, this problem is seen in people of all ages but more often this problem is seen in the elderly, ie people above 60 years of age. If it is not treated in time, it increases day by day. As a result, it can prove to be a serious problem.

Types of Nail Fungal Infection

There are generally four types of nail fungal infections. These are as follows-

Distal Subungual Onychomycosis-

This is a common type of nail fungal infection that infects the tip of a person's nail. This breaks the front part of the nail of the infected person. Also, there is swelling in the area around the nail. Apart from this, the subungual area i.e. the underside of the nail starts thickening.

White Superficial Onychomycosis-

In this type of nail fungal infection, the top layer of the nail is affected but sometimes it starts affecting the inner layer of the nail i.e. the cornified layer. Day by day this infection keeps spreading due to which the nails become rough, fragile and crooked.

Candida Infection-

Candida infection is a serious problem. Apart from affecting the nail, it also affects the skin attached to the nail. During this, the nails separate from the fingers. Generally, this infection is more common in women than in men. Apart from this, Candida nail fungal infection is mostly found in the middle finger.

Proximal Subungual Onychomycosis-

This type of nail fungal infection is mostly seen in people who are already infected with HIV or some serious disease. Proximal subungual onychomycosis infection affects the root of the nail. In addition, proximal subungual onychomycosis can also affect the skin of the feet.

Causes of Nail fungal Infection

There are many types of fungi present in the surrounding environment. They are like microbes. These fungi grow continuously in places like air, water, soil etc. and grow continuously due to the effect of the environment whereas fungi also live in the human body which remains in the body without harming it. Some fungi are also harmful to the body. When these harmful fungi attack the body, it is difficult to eliminate them because they are able to survive in any kind of environment. These harmful fungi enter the nail through small cracks present in the nail or the skin around it that cause infection. Apart from this, there are some other causes of nail disease as well. Let's take a look at these reasons-

• Nail injury.
• Having nail surgery.
• Suffering from diabetes.
• Weakening of the immune system.
• Wearing tight shoes.
• Taking a long bath in the swimming pool.
• Walking barefoot in public places.
• Living in places with constant humidity.

Symptoms of Nail Fungal Infection

• Nail colour changing to yellow, brown, or white colour.
• Thickening of the nail layer.
• Having broken or cracked nails.
• Change or crack in the shape of the nail.
• Stiffness of nails.
• Loss of the natural shine of the nail.
• Formation of white or yellow stripes on the side of the nail.
• Nail loosening or lifting.
• A substance trapped inside the nail.
• Collection of pus in the nail.
• Feeling of tenderness or pain on touching the nail.
• Swelling around the toes.

Treatment of Nail Fungal Infection

Oral antifungal drugs-

In the traditional treatment of nail fungal infection, doctors recommend taking oral antifungal drugs in which many types of antifungal creams and some oral medicines are included. These medicines eliminate the infection rapidly. It takes at least 3-4 months to get rid of the infection completely through oral antifungal drugs.

Medicated nail polish-

Doctors recommend using a medicated nail polish to treat nail fungal infection which is called ciclopirox. Using it once a day on the infected nails and the skin around it helps to get rid of the infection.

Medicated nail cream-

Apart from medicated nail polish, doctors also suggest antifungal creams.

Surgery-

When the infection becomes severe and painful, doctors recommend surgery wherein, the nail is temporarily removed.

Home Remedies for Nail Fungal Infection

Tea tree oil-

The beneficial properties of tea tree oil are very effective for nail diseases as it contains antibacterial compounds. These help to prevent the spread of nail and skin-related infections. These antioxidants are effective in healing itchy and dry skin. For this, mix a few drops of tea tree oil in the carrier oil and apply it to the nail and its surrounding area.

Ajwain oil-

Ajwain oil also proves effective for nail disease. The antibacterial compounds present in this oil prevent the spread of nail and skin related infections. For this, mix a few drops of ajwain oil in a carrier oil and apply it to the nail and its surrounding area.

Baking soda or alum-

In case of nail fungal infection, wash the nail and the skin around it by adding baking soda or alum in lukewarm water. By doing this, the problem of nail fungal infection gets relief.

Apple cider vinegar-

Apple cider vinegar is another effective treatment for fungal infection in nails. For this, mix a tablespoon of apple cider vinegar in lukewarm water and let the feet or hands remain submerged in this water. After some time wipe it thoroughly with a towel. By doing this, nails and skin-related infections are relieved.

Garlic-

Garlic is rich in antibiotic properties. It helps in curing nail infections and fungal infections. For this, make a paste by taking some raw garlic buds and apply them to the nail and the skin around it. By doing this the wounds heal quickly. Apart from this, applying raw garlic juice on the nail also provides relief in infection.

Neem leaves-

Washing the nails by boiling neem leaves in water or grinding neem leaves in cow's milk and applying it to the infected area cures fungal infections.

Aloe vera-

Aloe vera has anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties which prevent the spread of nail infections. For this, apply aloe vera gel to the infected nail areas.

Coconut oil-

Coconut oil also proves effective in getting relief from nail infection because it has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory properties which help to get rid of fungal infections. For this, apply coconut oil 2-3 times a day on the infected areas of the nail.

It is normal to have a little yeast in the vagina, but sometimes this balance is disturbed and the amount of yeast increases in the vagina. This infection can occur due to changes in hormones, vaginal douching, uncontrolled diabetes, excessive antibiotics, weakened immune system and wearing tight, wet clothes. Yeast infection in the vagina is caused by a fungus called Candida albicans. This condition causes itching and burning in the vagina.

Yeast infections are common in pregnant women because hormones during pregnancy affect the balance of naturally occurring bacteria in the vagina. Candida occurs naturally in the vagina which usually doesn't cause a problem because other natural bacteria control it. During pregnancy, an element called glycogen increases in the vagina. It promotes the rapid growth of Candida, which leads to yeast infection. Yeast infection during pregnancy does not cause any problems for the baby but if it is left untreated, the infection can reach the baby while passing through the genital tract during natural delivery. Vaginal yeast infection is more common in women than in men. 3 out of 4 women will experience a yeast infection once in their lifetime.

Symptoms of Vaginal Yeast Infection

• Itching, burning or discomfort in the vagina.
• Pain in the vagina or vaginal tract.
• Burning sensation during sexual intercourse or urination.
• White and thick vaginal discharge.
• Red rash.
• Sometimes the infection becomes so complicated that it causes sores in the skin.

Causes of Vaginal Yeast Infection

Pregnancy:

The increased level of estrogen causes yeast infection in women during pregnancy.

Menstruation:

Changes in hormone levels during a normal menstrual cycle affect the health of the vagina which sometimes leads to yeast infections. It can also be due to not changing the pads or not keeping cleanliness for a long time during menstruation.

Increased level of estrogen:

Women who take birth control pills have higher than normal levels of estrogen which increases the chances of yeast infection.

Sugar:

Having any type of diabetes increases the chances of getting a yeast infection.

Antibiotics:

Consumption of antibiotics (drugs) in excessive amounts destroys the bacteria that maintain health, Lactobacillus acidophilus due to which an increase in the yeast leads to infection.

Weak immune system:

Women whose immune system is weakened due to corticosteroid therapy or HIV infection. Yeast infection spreads rapidly in them too.

Prevention methods of Vaginal Yeast Infection

• Avoid douching-This is a method of rinsing the vagina, usually with a mixture of water and vinegar. It comes in a bottle or bag and is sprayed through a tube for vaginal cleansing.
• Avoid using deodorant or deodorant pads in the vagina.
• Use cotton undergarments.
• Wear loose-fitting pants or skirts.
• Wash the undergarments with warm water.
• Eat a healthy and balanced diet.
• Change wet clothes (swimming suit) immediately.
• Avoid taking a bath in the bathtub.
• Vaginal yeast infection treatment.

Less complicated yeast infection

It is treated in two ways. First, vaginal therapy and secondly through the use of medicines. Follow both these methods only on the advice of the doctor, that is, before taking any kind of medicine, you must consult a doctor because these drugs can also react which can have dire consequences.

Complicated yeast infection

Complicated yeast infections are also treated with vaginal therapy and oral medications. In this, vaginal therapy is given for a long time. (approximately 7 to 14 days) which involves the use of vaginal creams and regular use of medicines.

Home remedies for Vaginal yeast infection

Coconut oil

Coconut oil has antifungal properties which provide relief in vaginal infection. It is beneficial to apply good organic coconut oil on the private part both externally and internally. It stops the infection from progressing by giving relief in itching and pain.

Garlic

Eating garlic provides relief in yeast infection because garlic has antifungal and antibiotic properties which work to relieve any kind of infection on the skin. Not only this, garlic is present in many vaginal creams which gives relief in redness and pain.

Curd

Good bacteria (probiotics) are found in curd which prevents the spread of yeast or bad bacteria in the body that is why it is beneficial to eat curd to get relief in yeast infection and it can also be applied on the outer layer of the vagina. Just keep in mind that the curd should be plain, without any flavor and sugar of any kind.

Apple Cider Vinegar

Apple cider vinegar is the most popular remedy to get rid of yeast infection. It is better to drink it instead of applying it directly around the vagina. To get relief from yeast infection, drink two teaspoons of apple cider vinegar twice or thrice a day.

Tea tree oil

The antifungal properties present in this oil kills the yeast from the root. This has also been proved in many types of research but instead of applying it directly, mix it in vegetable oil or coconut oil and apply it. If applying it causes itching or burning, then avoid it.

When to go to the doctor?

Not all women feel the symptoms of a yeast infection because the symptoms are also very subtle when the infection is working but if you experience any of the following symptoms, go to the doctor immediately-

• Feeling of itching and pain in or around the vagina.
• When the area around the vagina turns red.
• Having trouble during intercourse.
• Feeling of prickling sensation while passing urine.
• Having a foul-smelling discharge.

सर्दी-जुकाम, बुखार की तरह डायरिया भी एक प्रकार का मौसमी विकार है। इसका ज्यादातर प्रकोप गर्मी और बरसात के मौसम में देखने को मिलता है। जिसका अहम कारण गंदगी है। यह समस्या ज्यादातर छोटे बच्चों, नवजात शिशुओं और बुजुर्गो में होती है। डायरिया होने पर बच्चों एवं बुजुर्गों को दस्त और उल्टी की शिकायत होने लगती है। जिसकी वजह से शारीरिक कमजोरी होने लगती है। इसलिए समय रहते इसका इलाज न कराने पर यह गंभीर समस्या साबित हो सकती है।  

डायरिया पाचन तंत्र संबंधित रोग है। जिसमे मरीज को दस्त यानी लूज मोशन शुरू हो जाते हैं। सामान्यतः यह दस्त दो से तीन दिन तक रहते हैं। कुछ मामलो में मरीज जल्दी भी ठीक हो जाते हैं। लेकिन कुछ मामलो में मरीज जल्दी ठीक नहीं हो पाते। डायरिया मुख्य रूप से जीवाणु के संक्रमण के कारण होता है। यह बैक्टीरिया वायरस अथवा पेरासाइट्स के कारण भी हो सकता है। इसके अलावा डायरिया सूक्ष्म जीव, कुछ दवाओं और अन्य रोगों के संक्रमण से भी होता है।

डायरिया के प्रकार-

डायरिया के मुख्य रूप से चार प्रकार होते हैं। जो निम्नलिखित हैं:

एक्यूट डायरिया (Acute diarrhoea)-

यह डायरिया का सामान्य रूप है। जो कई घंटों या कुछ दिनों तक रह सकता है। जिसमें बेहद लूज और पानी जैसे पतले दस्त होते हैं। आमतौर पर डायरिया का घरेलू उपचार किया जा सकता है। इसके लिए मरीज को पर्याप्त तरल पदार्थों का सेवन करना चाहिए। ऐसा करने से यह समस्या खुद-ब-खुद कम हो जाती है।

लगातार होने वाला डायरिया (Persistent diarrhoea)-

डायरिया का यह प्रकार कम से कम दो सप्ताह तक रह सकता है।

दस्त में खून (Acute Bloody diarrhoea)-

इससे पीड़ित लोगों में पानी जैसे दस्त के साथ खून भी आता है। इसे पेचिश भी कहते है।

क्रोनिक डायरिया (Chronic diarrhoea)-

इस तरह का डायरिया दो से चार सप्ताह तक व्यक्ति को परेशान कर सकता है।

क्या होते हैं डायरिया के लक्षण?

वैसे डायरिया होने के कई लक्षण होते हैं। लेकिन इनके कारणों के आधार पर यह एक या इससे अधिक लक्षण देखने को मिल सकते हैं। आइए जानतें हैं इन्हीं लक्षणों के बारे में;

• लूज मोशन यानी पतला दस्त होना।
• पेट में मरोड़ होना।
• जी मिचलाना या उल्टी होना।
• शरीर में पानी की कमी (डिहाइड्रेशन) होना।
• बुखार आना।
• मल में खून आना।

यदि शिशुओं में निम्नलिखित लक्षण दिखाई देते हैं, तो उसे नजरअंदाज न करें। बल्कि डॉक्टर्स से तुरंत संपर्क करें-

• बार-बार दस्त के साथ उल्टी होना।
• कम पेशाब आना।
• बार-बार मुंह का सूख जाना।
• मितली होना।
• बुखार होना।
• मल में खून या मवाद आना।
• काला मल आना।
• चिड़चिड़ापन होना।
• सुस्ती महसूस करना।
• अधिक नींद आना।
• धंसी हुई आंखें आदि।

क्या होते हैं डायरिया होने के कारण?

दूषित भोजन या पानी-

डायरिया का मुख्य कारण गंदगी यानी दूषित भोजन और पानी का अंतर्ग्रहण होता है। जिसके माध्यम से शरीर में साल्मोनेला या एस्चेरिचिया नामक हानिकारक बैक्टेरिया प्रवेश कर जाते हैं। यह हानिकारक जीवाणु गैस्ट्रो-आंत्रशोथ का कारण बनते हैं। जिससे दस्त, कब्ज और कई पेट संबंधी समस्याएं उत्पन्न होने लगती हैं। इसके अलावा छोटे बच्चो में यह बैक्टेरिया (नोरोवायरस या रोटोवायरस) एवं पैरासाइट (गिअर्डिया इन्टेस्टनालिस) के कारण भी हो सकता है।

आंतों में इंफेक्शन (Intestinal Infection)-

आंतों में इंफेक्शन होने से भी कई बार डायरिया की दिक्कत शुरू हो जाती है। आंतों में होने वाली इस समस्या को गैस्ट्रोएंटेरिटिस (Gastroenteritis) कहते हैं। यह बीमारी वायरस, बैक्टीरिया, फूड प्वॉइजनिंग जैसे कारणों से होती है।

पेट में अल्सर (Stomach Ulcer)-

पेट में अल्सर होने से कुछ लोगों को मल त्यागने में कठिनाई का सामना करना पड़ता है। वहीं, कुछ लोगों में यह अल्सर डायरिया (दस्त) का कारण भी बन जाते हैं।

इंफ्लेमेटरी बाउल डिजीज (Inflammatory Bowel Disease)-

जब डाइजेस्टिव ट्रैक्ट (पाचन मार्ग) में क्रॉनिक इन्फ्लेमेशन होता है तो इंफ्लेमेटरी बाउल डिजीज (पेट दर्द रोग) होता है। जिसके कारण डायरिया की दिक्कत हो सकती है। कई बार इन परेशानियों की वजह से मल में मवाज (पस) या श्लेष्मा (म्यूकस) भी दिखता है।

• डायरिया होने के अन्य कारण-
• पेट में संक्रमण फैलने पर।
• वायरल इन्फेक्शन होने पर।
• शरीर में पानी की कमी (निर्जलीकरण) होने पर।
• व्यक्ति की पाचन शक्ति कमजोर होने पर।
• स्विमिंग करते वक्त दूषित पानी पेट में चले जाने पर।
• ज्यादा गर्म या नमी वाले मौसम में रहने पर।
• शिशुओं के दांत निकलने पर।
• दवाइयों के रिएक्शन होने पर।
• एस्पिरिन और एंटी इंफ्लेमेटरी दवाओं अधिक का उपयोग करने पर।
• अधपका हुआ और कच्चे मीट का सेवन करने पर।

डायरिया के समय बरतें यह सावधानियां-

• साफ-सफाई का विशेष ध्यान रखें।
• वॉशरूम यूज करने के बाद हैंडवॉश ज़रूर करें।
• बारिश के मौसम में उबले हुए पानी का इस्तेमाल करें।
• खाना खाने से पहले हाथों को साबुन से अच्छी तरह से धोएं।
• भोजन को सही तरीके से स्टोर करें।
• प्रचुर मात्रा में तरल पदार्थों का सेवन करें।
• प्रतिदिन 8 से 10 गिलास पानी पिएं।
• बच्चों को समय से इसका वैक्सीनेशन करवाएं।
• अपने खान-पान के प्रति विशेष ध्यान दें।
• चाय, कॉफी, धूम्रपान आदि का सेवन कम करें।
• शराब के सेवन से बचें।
• तले-भुने एवं जंक फूड के सेवन से बचें।

क्या हैं डायरिया के घरेलू उपाय?

• डायरिया की शुरुआती दौर को खानपान के बदलाव से ठीक किया जा सकता है।
• आयुर्वेद में डायरिया होने पर चावल और मूंग दाल का पानी पीने की सलाह दी जाती है। वहीं, छोटे बच्चों को डायरिया होने पर दाल का पानी पिलाने की सलाह दी जाती है।
• भोजन में हरी सब्जियां, दाल, फल के रस आदि पोषक चीजों का प्रयोग करें।
• शहद को गुनगुने पानी के साथ लेने पर लूज मोशन यानी डायरिया की समस्या में आराम मिलता है।
• इसके अतिरिक्त शहद के साथ ओट्स, कॉर्न फ्लैक्स, हर्बल टी आदि का सेवन कर सकते हैं।
• डायरिया में नारियल का पानी पीना अच्छा विकल्प है। क्योंकि इसमें एंटीऑक्सीडेंट और गैस्ट्रोप्रोटेक्टिव गतिविधि होती हैं। जो गैस एवं पेट संबंधित विकारों में आराम पहुंचाती हैं। साथ ही रोग प्रतिरोधक क्षमता बढ़ाने में मदद करती हैं।
• आयुर्वेद में पेट संबंधी विकारों के इलाज में छाछ औषधि की तरह काम करती है। क्योंकि इसमें प्रोबेटिक गुण पाए जाते हैं। जो पाचन तंत्र को दुरुस्त रखने का काम करते हैं।
• हल्दी को छाछ या दही में डालकर सेवन करने से लूज मोशन यानी डायरिया की समस्यां में लाभ मिलता है।
• सेब का सिरका डायरिया या लूज मोशन को रोकने में सहायक होता है। क्योकि इसमें प्राकृतिक एंटी बैक्टीरियल गुण पाए जाते हैं।
• पुदीना तेल और पुदीने की चाय पेट संबंधी विकारों में फायदेमंद होती है। इसका प्रयोग लंबे समय से दस्त, गैस, कब्ज जैसी पेट संबंधी समस्याओं का इलाज करने के लिए किया जाता रहा है।
• कच्चे केले का सेवन भी डायरिया को रोकने में कारगर साबित होता हैं। क्योंकि केले में पेक्टिन नामक तत्व पाया जाता है। इसके अलावा कच्चे केले को उबालकर उसमें थोड़ा नींबू का रस और नमक मिलाकर सेवन करना भी औषधि की तरह काम करता हैं।
• कैमोमाइल चाय डायरिया को रोकने में औषधि का काम करती हैं। क्योंकि इसमें एंटी-डायरियल और एंटीस्पैस्मोडिक गुण पाए जाते हैं।

कब जाएं डॉक्टर के पास?

• शिशु एवं छोटे बच्चों को 24 घंटे में छह से ज्यादा बार लूज मोशन होने पर।
• लगातार उल्टी होने पर।
• कमजोरी होने पर।
• लगातार वजन कम होने पर।
• मल में खून आने पर।
• पेट में लगातार दर्द बने रहने पर।
• डिहाइड्रेशन होने पर।
• तेज बुखार या चक्कर आने पर।

A bee sting is a common problem, but it can also be painful for many people. When a bee stings, the person experiences pain, sores and fever due to the venom present in its sting. Therefore, if a bee stings somewhere on the body, that body part swells and severe pain also starts. Sometimes fever also occurs due to pain and the effect of poison. This is because bee stings contain venom which causes infection in the body. According to Ayurveda, Vata dosha gets contaminated after a bee stings. A blunt object such as a card or butter knife (which does not have a sharp edge) should be gently scraped into the affected area to remove the sting. Avoid using tweezers or sharp objects because they can spread the poison.

Symptoms of Bee sting

In addition to pain and swelling, there are other symptoms associated with a bee sting. However, different symptoms are seen in everyone. Some people have severe pain, in some, there is only swelling in the affected area and in some, the affected part of the body turns red.

Let us know some of its other symptoms-

• Burning and pain.
• A rise in temperature in a sad place.
• After a few hours, the pain turns into itching.
• Increase in body temperature.
• Lowering of blood pressure.
• Difficulty in breathing.
• Abdominal pain etc.

Ways to avoid Bee sting

• Maintain personal hygiene.
• Keep areas clean, especially where there is food.
• Keep food containers and trash cans covered.
• Use caution during activities such as garden trimming.

Home remedies for Bee sting

Use of honey-

The use of honey provides relief in bee stings. For this, first of all, clean the place where the bee has bitten. Note that no stung can remain in the bitten area. After this, use /organic honey on this area and tie it with a loose bandage.

Baking soda-

The use of baking soda also provides instant relief in bee stings. Apply a paste made by mixing baking soda and water on the part of the body where the bee has stung. Leave it like this for some time (about 10-15 minutes). If you do not get relief from this, then again make a paste of baking soda and water and apply it to that area.

Apple cider Vinegar-

Apple cider vinegar is also an effective remedy for bee stings. Put a few drops of apple cider vinegar on the bee-stung and leave it for some time. This will provide quick relief from pain or soak a clean cloth in apple cider vinegar and place it on the bee's bitten area.

Toothpaste-

The use of toothpaste is also very beneficial in providing relief from bee stings. Some people believe that the alkaline element present in it provides relief by pacifying the acidic tendency of bee stings.

Aspirin tablet-

Aspirin tablet is mostly used for headaches and fever etc. Break an aspirin tablet or make a mild paste of it and apply it to the bee-stung area to relieve pain and itching.

Aloe vera-

Aloe vera is often used for the treatment of skin problems. Its use makes the skin soft. For this, break off a leaf of the aloe vera plant and squeeze it on the bee-stung area. By doing this, there is a significant reduction in pain and burning. Aloe vera is also very beneficial for the skin.

When should I go to the doctor?

If symptoms like pus or swelling on the skin don’t go away within a few days, consult a doctor.