Nagarmotha, also known as Nut grass, is an Ayurvedic herb. It has a bitter taste and pungent odor. Due to its woody, earthy, and long lasting aroma, Nagarmotha is used to make perfumes and incense sticks. Its scientific name is Cyperus Rotundus.

Nagarmotha has other popular names such as Chakranksha and Charukesara in Sanskrit, nutgrass and Purple nutsedge in English, Nagarmotha in Bengali, Mushkezamin in Malaya, Saad Kufi in Urdu, Soad and Soadekufi in Arabic, Korai and Muthakasu in Tamil, Tangahullu in Kannada, Tungamuste in Telugu, Muththann in Malayalam, Nagarmotha and Motha in Marathi, Nagaramothaya and Motha in Gujarati.

Importance of Nagarmotha in Ayurveda

Nagarmotha has been used in Ayurveda for its Deepana (enhances stomach fire), Pachana (helps in digestion), Rochana (stimulates appetite), Kupachan (prevents bloating, indigestion), Jvara (useful in fever), Yakrit Vikara (prevents liver infections), Amahara (treats indigestion), Dahahara (relieves burning sensation), Shwasha (relieves breathing difficulties), Anulomana (improves breathing), Sangrahini (treats diarrhea), Kamala (prevents jaundice), Kasahara (Relieves cough) properties.

Benefits of Nagarmotha

Reduces hair fall-

Nagarmotha has antibacterial and antifungal properties that fights the dandruff-causing bacteria on an oily scalp. Therefore, it strengthens hair roots which further prevents hair loss.

Treats diabetes-

Nagarmotha has antioxidants that help lower blood sugar levels. It is an effective solution for diabetes.

Improves digestion-

Nagarmotha has anti-inflammatory properties that helps relieve pain caused by bloating or menstrual pain. It also aids in digestion.

Reduces dark spots-

Nagarmotha has astringent properties which reduces melanin (skin pigment responsible for skin tone). This in turn helps treat dark spots.

Treats Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)-

Nagarmotha root has antibacterial properties which helps in treating UTI symptoms such as burningsensation.

Increases Lactation-

Nagarmotha helps produce prolactin (a hormone) which increases lactation and improves the quality of breast milk.

Reduces stress and anxiety-

Nagarmotha essential oil has a pleasant aroma that has a calming effect on your body. It reduces stress and regulates serotonin levels in the body.

Effective for skin-

Nagarmotha helps with inflammation, itching, blisters, eczema etc due to its cooling and astringent properties.

Uses of Nagarmotha

Nagarmotha can be used in the following ways:

·        Nagarmotha stems can be used to make perfumes and incense sticks.

·        Nagarmotha roots can also be used as spices.

·        The powder or churna of Nagarmothaare available to treat indigestion and many problems.

·        Nagarmotha oil extracted from its roots can be used for treating stomach problems and diabetes.

·        Use of Nagarmotha oil extract acts as an insect repellent.

·        It is also available in capsule form.

Side effects of Nagarmotha

Overdose of Nagarmotha can cause complications; therefore, take the following precautions:

·        Excessive consumption of this herb can cause constipation and aggravate Vata doshas.

·        Avoid Nagarmotha if constipated, it can make gastric problems worse.

·        Since the nature of the body differs from person to person,talk to your doctor before taking Nagarmotha in pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Where is Nagarmotha found?

Nagarmotha is a ground plant found in the state of Madhya Pradesh in India.

Kasmard, also known as Kasondi, is an erect herb, half woody shrub, branched, smooth herb about 0.8 to 1.8 m tall. In Sanskrit, kasa means cough or phlegm, and mardan means destruction. Therefore, Kasmard is also a well known herb to  treat cough (kasa). The leaves, roots and seeds of the plant act as alaxative. It belongs to the plant family of Fabaceae/ Leguminosae and the genus Caesalpinia L. or Caesalpiniaceae. Its botanical name is Cassia occidentalis.

Kasmard has different names in different languages- In English, it is known as “Coffee Senna, Negro Coffee, Coffee Weed”, “Kasavinda” in Telugu, “Kesenda” in Bengali, “Kasvida” in Marathi and “Kasonji” in Urdu. 

Importance of Kasmard in Ayurveda

Kasmard is sweet, it relieves kapha and vata. It is carminative that clears the throatandalleviates Pitta. The taste is bitter, sweet, pungent after digestion (vipaka) and hot (virya) in effect.

Medicinal properties in Kasmard like antioxidants, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, diuretic, expectorant, laxative, purgative, stomachic and tonic properties are useful in treating cough, diabetes, piles, fever, asthma, indigestion and anorexia.

Health Benefits of Kasmard

Asthma-

The main doshas involved in asthma are Vata and Kapha. Kasmard helps treat asthma due to its Kapha-Vata balancing properties. These properties help clear airway passage obstructions, making breathing easier.

Anorexia (Loss of appetite)-

Anorexia is the loss of desire to eat, even when you are hungry. Kasmard helps in anorexia due to its Ushna (hot) and Pachan (digestive) properties. It increases Agni (digestive fire), improves digestion and prevents the formation of Ama, thereby providing relief.

Cough-

Kasmard helps in curing cough due to its Kapha balancing and Ushna (hot) properties. It helps in clearing mucus easily from the airways and provides relief in cough.

Indigestion-

The main cause of indigestion is Agnimandya (weak digestive fire). Kasmard helps improve digestion due to its Ushna (hot) and Pachan (digestive) properties which strengthens Agni (digestive fire).

Skin infections-

Kasmard helps treat skin infections due to its Pitta balancing properties.

Treats diabetes-

Kasmard may be useful in treating diabetes due to the presence of constituents such as flavonoids. It prevents pancreatic cell damage and increases insulin secretion. It lowers blood sugar levels and controls diabetes.

Heals wound-

Kasmard helps in wound healing due to its antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties.

Treats fever-

Kasmard also helps in treating fever due to its antipyretic properties which provide relief in fever and lowers the body temperature.

Useful in constipation-

Kasmard is used to treat constipation due to its strong laxative and purgative properties. It promotes bowel movement by loosening stools.

Side Effects of Kasmard

Diarrhea-

Kasmard can cause loose motion when taken in large quantities due to its laxative properties.

Lowers blood pressure-

Kasmard depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which  reducesthe rate of  metabolic process and lowers down the  heart rate,   leadingto low blood pressure.

Taking with other medicines-

Kasmard reacts with many drugs such as heparin, aspirin, warfarin, and antihypersensitive drugs which can have serious side effects on the body. Therefore, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Poisonous-

Excessive dosage of Kasmard in the body can cause poisoning as saturation of this herb aggravates (concentrates) its toxic nature.

Where is it found?

Kasmard is found all over India, growing up to an altitude of 1500m. It is mostly found in Northern India.

Various types of herbs have been used in Ayurveda since ancient times among which there are many herbs which are often found around our homes, gardens and roads but we are not able to use it due to lack of information. One such herb is Kateri or Kantakari. Its use helps to keep the body away from many diseases. Kateri is also known as Katila, Rengni, Rigani, Katali, Katyali, Bhattaiya etc.

What is Kateri?

Kateri is a thorny plant which belongs to the Solanaceae family. Its scientific name is Solanum xanthocarpum Yellow Berried Nightshade in English. Its fruits are round in shape and are edible. The flowers of Kateri are blue in color. Its leaves are oval and full of thorns.

Importance of Kateri in Ayurveda

Well, there are many species of Kateri. But in Ayurveda, mainly three species (Chhoti Kateri, Badi Kateri and White Kateri) are used to make medicine. Its roots, leaves, flowers, fruits and seeds have medicinal properties. It is bitter or pungent in nature and hot in effect because of which Kateri is used as a medicine for asthma, respiratory diseases, cough, nausea, digestive disorders, ear inflammation, hemorrhoids, pain and infection during urination and to promote sexual health.

Benefits of Kateri

For cough-

Kateri is considered extremely beneficial for the treatment of cough. According to the research done on it, the root of Kateri has expectorant i.e, mucus-expelling properties due to which Kateri is used as an Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of cough. Apart from this, phlegm-extracting properties are also found in the seeds of Kateri. Therefore, consumption of decoction mixed with Kateri, Giloy and Pittapapada is very beneficial for boosting the immunity of the body.

Note: Before consuming any type of decoction, it is necessary to take complete information about the method of making it and the quantity of drinking it.

For fever-

Kateri plays an important role in reducing fever because it has antipyretic medicinal properties. According to researchers, the root of Kateri proves beneficial in the treatment of fever. Not only this, research has been done on this, it has been told that taking juice made from the root of Kateri mixed with whey and ginger juice provides relief in fever.

For asthma-

Kateri proves to be very effective in asthma patients. Research done on it shows that Kateri has anti-asthmatic properties, which are helpful in reducing the symptoms of asthma.

For headache-

Kateri has been used for years to relieve headaches. For this, make a decoction of Kateri and drink it. By doing this, there is instant relief in the problem of headache. Apart from this, applying the juice of the fruit of Kateri as a paste on the forehead also provides relief from pain.

For epilepsy-

Epilepsy is a neurological problem wherein the person starts having seizures. Kateri proves to be very beneficial in epilepsy as it contains a compound called solasodine which proves to be very beneficial in the treatment of epilepsy. Apart from this, anticonvulsant properties are found in the leaves of Kateri, which helps in preventing epileptic seizures to some extent.

For toothache-

According to research published on the website of NCBI, Kateri is beneficial to overcome the problem of toothache. In case of toothache, boil the root, bark, leaves and fruit of Kateri in water. Now filter this mixture and rinse it with this water. By doing this, the problem of toothache gets relieved. Apart from this, another research done on Kateri shows that it is full of analgesic i.e, pain-relieving properties. Therefore, the use of the smoke of Kateri seeds is beneficial in getting rid of pain in teeth and gums.

For stomach ache-

Kateri also proves to be very effective in relieving stomach pain. For this, consuming the seeds of Kateri flower is beneficial. Apart from this, grind the seeds of the flower of Kateri, mix it with buttermilk and consume it. By doing this, there is benefit in stomach pain. Also, if there is a problem of diarrhea, consuming its seeds is beneficial.

For Liver-

Consumption of Kateri is beneficial for liver-related problems. It is believed that Kateri is a very good tonic for the liver. Consuming a decoction made from it helps to get rid of the problem of liver inflammation and infection.

For hair-

Kateri is very beneficial for hair. Applying the paste of Kateri on the hair helps to reduce the problem of hair fall. Doing this strengthens the hair roots and reduces the problem of hair breakage and hair fall.

In Ayurveda, the use of Kateri is considered a good remedy for baldness. For this, take out the juice of the fruit of kateri and mix it with honey and make a paste. Now apply this paste on the hair. This helps in hair regrowth removing the problem of baldness.

For skin problems-

Kateri proves to be effective in skin-related problems. It relieves many skin problems such as rashes, itching and inflamed skin. For this, make a paste of the root of Kateri and apply it on the affected parts.

Uses of Kateri

• The fruits of Kateri are cleaned thoroughly and eaten directly or after drying.
• Kateri is also used in the form of a decoction(kadha).
• It is also consumed in powdered form.

Side effects of Kateri

• Consuming an excessive amount of decoction(kadha) of Kateri can cause vomiting.
• Do not give the decoction of Kateri to young children. Doing this can cause stomach ache in children.
• Pregnant women should not consume Kateri.

There are many fruits in the world, which most people are unfamiliar with. Lisoda is also one of those fruits. It is enriched with many medicinal properties due to which it is considered very beneficial for the body. Lisoda is a hill fruit which is also known as Gondi or Nisori. Lisoda is generally consumed in the form of pickles and churan. In many places people use its leaves as greens. From its leaves to flowers, there are many medicinal properties and it is used in many Ayurvedic remedies. For this reason Lisoda is used as a medicine in Ayurveda. Lisoda is beneficial in cough, fever, asthma and many skin-related problems.

Lisoda is a tree of medium height in which flowers appear in spring and its fruits ripen by the end of summer. Its fruits are like betel nuts in appearance. Raw lisoda greens or pickles are made. On the other hand, the fruit of ripe lisoda is sweet and inside it is smooth and sweet juice like gum. Generally, there are mainly two types of lisoda. The first one is large and the second is small. Its botanical name is cordia myxa.

Importance of Lisoda in Ayurveda

In Ayurveda, different parts of Lisoda like seeds, fruits, bark, flowers, leaves etc. are considered very beneficial for health. Due to its nutritional and curative properties, it is used as a medicine in Ayurveda for many diseases. The bark of Lisoda is said to remove cough, sore throat, and fever. The seeds and fruits of Lisoda provide a variety of health benefits. It contains nutrients like protein, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, iron, phosphorus and calcium. In addition, Lisoda is also rich in anti-inflammatory properties. All these properties are very beneficial in inflammation, semen, skin disorders and women related diseases.

Benefits of Lisoda

For the treatment of cough-

Lisoda is good for curing coughs due to its medicinal properties. Boil some fruits of Lisoda in water and filter it when about one-fourth of the water remains. Now taking this decoction gives relief from cough. Apart from this, make a decoction of Lisoda bark and mix it with 10-20 ml. If taken in moderation, it gets rid of the cough.

For the treatment of fever-

Lisoda churna has antiviral and antibacterial effects which are beneficial in reducing fever. Making a decoction of the bark of Lisoda and consuming 20-40 ml in the morning and evening is beneficial. Therefore, lisoda can be used in mild fever and typhoid.

Beneficial for toothache-

Lisoda is a good remedy to get rid of toothache as the anti-bacterial properties found in it eliminates the bacteria present in the mouth and prevents them from growing. Lisoda is also known to remove plaque and reduce inflammation of the gums. Boiling the bark of Lisoda and gargling with it helps to cure the problems of teeth and gums.

For sore throat-

Lisoda is effective in curing throat related problems. The medicinal properties present in it cure cold and sore throat. Gargle with a decoction made from the bark of Lisoda to get rid of a terrible sore throat.

Helpful in reducing inflammation-

Lisoda acts as a medicine in reducing inflammation as it is rich in anti-inflammatory properties, which helps in reducing the effects of inflammation. Mixing camphor in a decoction made from its bark and applying it on the affected parts is beneficial.

For skin disorders-

The leaves and seeds of Lisoda are used to get rid of skin related problems. Applying a paste made from lisoda leaves on ulcers and boils provides relief. Apart from this, making a bundle of its leaves and tying it on the boils helps to cure the pimples quickly.

To increase energy in the body-

Consuming Lisoda fruit helps to increase the strength of the body. Apart from this, make powder by drying its fruits and mix sugar syrup in this powder. Consuming it by making laddus.

Helpful in getting rid of leucorrhoea-

If a woman has a problem of white discharge or leucorrhoea, grind the leaves of Lisoda and extract the juice. Drinking this juice helps to get rid of leucorrhoea.

Side effects of Lisoda

Excess consumption of lisoda adversely affects the stomach and liver.

Borax is a naturally occurring mineral compound that is primarily a form of sodium borate, a boron ore. It is known as Shudh suhaga in Hindi and Tankana in Ayurveda. It is purified to make Shudh Suhaga Bhasma.

Its scientific name is sodium tetraborate decahydrate which is composed of boric acid and sodium.

Borax is colourless, grey, off-white, green or blue in colour. It has a clear to opaque appearance, is oily and shows non-fluorescent properties. It is closely related to minerals such as halite, gaylussite, hanksite, nitratine, calcite, etc. These minerals form as uniformly indistinguishable crystals forming massive, prismatic or fine structures.

Importance of Borax in Ayurveda

Borax contains 11.3% boron which is chemically linked to oxygen. Boron is a natural element found in abundance in nature.

Borax is available in crystalline form and has various medicinal properties that can help improve health. Antioxidant, digestive, antimicrobial, wound healing, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, astringent and antiseptic properties help in treating cough, bloating, UTI, skin infections, hair problems and wounds.

Benefits of Borax

Treats cold and cough-

Borax helps treat cough as ithas Kapha balancing and Ushna (hot) potency. It helps to loosen phlegm and facilitate easy breathing.

Treats arthritis-

People with arthritis have lower levels of boron in their bones, along with the synovial fluid and femur heads. Using borax can prevent this. Borax ensures that calcium levels are maximized and used effectively, preventing arthritis.

Prevents bloating-

Borax (Suddh suhaga) helps control bloating as it increases the digestive fire due to its ushna (hot) nature.

Heals Tongue sores and swelling-

Borax is a medication that has anti-inflammatory effects and is used to treat certain health conditions, such as sores on the tongue or mouth, and swelling of the throat.

Heals wound-

Borax is effective in treating wounds as it has antiseptic properties which prevents infection and itching on the body.

Prevents amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea-

Borax improves uterine function, including ova secretion and menstruation in women who suffer from this problem due to its Ushna (hot) potency.

Treats skin infections-

Borax helps treat skin infections like fungus due to its antimicrobial, Ruksha (dry) and Kshara (alkaline) properties.

Treats Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)-

Borax (Shudh suhaga) helps control urinary tract infection as it has antimicrobial effects due to its antimicrobial, Tikshna (sharp), Ruksha (dry) and Kshara (alkaline) properties.

Eliminates dandruff-

Borax helps fight dandruff and improves blood flow in the scalp due to its astringent, Tikshna (sharp), and Ruksha (dry) properties.

Uses of Borax

• Using borax with coconut oil, helps in controlling and treating dandruff.
• Applying a paste of borax mixed with turmeric and milk on the affected area is useful in treating skin infections.
• Borax mixed with honey is beneficial in healing wounds quickly and reducing redness or rashes.
• Adding borax to lemon juice and applying it on warts, is great to get instant relief.
• Using Shudh Suhaga Bhasma with honey helps in curing cough, sore throat and cold.

Side effects of Borax

• The use of borax internally is usually not recommended. It should be consumed with something as it can cause skin irritation due to its highly alkaline nature.
• Long-term use is not recommended because it has the potential to cause kidney dysfunction as borax accumulates in the body.
• Borax can cause fatigue or vomiting due to its toxicity.
• It can also cause genetic damage and is toxic to lymphocytes (the building blocks of the immune system).

Where is it found?

Borax occurs naturally deposited on the shores of dry lakes in India, Nepal and Tibet in the form of solid crystalline masses formed by evaporation of water. It is also found in the Atacama Desert, Bolivia and Romania.

Karkatshringi, also known as Gall Plant, has been described in ancient texts of Ayurveda. It is also called Kakdasingi in common parlance. Karkatshringi holds special importance among medicinal herbs, and has been used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times for the prevention of many diseases.

Due to its properties, doctors use it as a medicine. This natural herb works to reduce colds, respiratory and stomach related problems. Its botanical name is Pistacia chinensis.

Importance of Karkatshringi in Ayurveda

Karkatshringi is hot in nature and bitter in taste. Many types of medicinal properties are found in it which help to calm the three doshas (kapha, pitta, vata) of the body. It proves effective in curing cough, fever, asthma, respiratory diseases and stomach related problems. This herb also helps to keep the respiratory tract healthy. Apart from this, karkatshringi protects the body from many types of viral, bacterial and fungal infections. The use of this medicinal plant is considered extremely beneficial in the treatment of children's diseases. Apart from this, Karkatshringi is also helpful in removing the problems related to Vajikaran.

Benefits of Karkatshringi

Effective in relieving cough-

Karkatshringi plays an important role in curing cough, as it works to balance the kapha dosha. Consuming a decoction made from the bark of the plant of Karkatshringi on an empty stomach in the morning and mixing the powder of bark of the plant and honey in equal quantity with lukewarm water before sleeping at night ends the problem of cough.

Beneficial in respiratory problems-

Karkatshringi is used medicinally to cure asthma, reduce throat and respiratory problems. It also acts as an expectorant (helps in clearing mucus from the respiratory tract). Mixing nutmeg powder in 1-2 grams of Karkatshringi powder and taking it with honey provides relief in respiratory problems.

Useful for kids-

Consumption of karkatshringi helps in getting rid of many diseases among children. According to Ayurveda medicine, in young children, Kapha dosha is prevalent and affects the body. Therefore, to avoid all these diseases, give half a teaspoon (1g-1.5g) bark powder of Karkatshringi and half a teaspoon of Pippali's powder mixed with lukewarm water every morning on an empty stomach.This helps to balance the kapha and helps eliminate diseases in children.

Other benefits of Karkatshringi are-

• It is extremely beneficial in the treatment of dysentery and diarrhea. Taking the powder of Karkatshringi and Belgiri together helps to relieve dysentery and diarrhea.
• It helps in the treatment of indigestion and also stimulates gastric fire.
• Consuming a decoction made from its bark proves to be very effective in the treatment of fever.
• This herb naturally helps in reducing the growth of cancer cells.
• Karkatshringi improves the quality of sperms.
• It also supports the good health of the female reproductive system.

क्या है विडंग और इसका आयुर्वेद में महत्व?

विडंग एक झाड़ीदार और साधारण-सा पौधा है, जो कई औषधीय गुणों से भरपूर हैं। इसकी टहनियां पतली और लचीली होती है। इसके पते लगभग 3 इंच तक लंबे और 1.5 इंच तक चौड़े होते हैं। यह आगे से नुकीले एवं अंडाकार आकृति के होते हैं। विडंग के फूल सफेद गुच्छों के रूप में और फल काली मिर्च के सामान गोल और छोटे होते है, जो पकने पर लाल एवं सूखने पर काले हो जाते हैं। आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा के अनुसार , इसका फल काली मिर्च के सामान होने के कारण दूसरी काली मिर्च के नाम से भी जाना जाता है। आयुर्वेद में विडंग का उपयोग मुख्य रूप से पेट एवं आतों के कीड़े नष्ट करने के लिए किया जाता है। औषधीय तौर पर ज्यादातर इसके फल का उपयोग किया जाता है, लेकिन कई स्थानों पर इसकी जड़ का प्रयोग भी किया जाता है।

विडंग के फायदे और उपयोग-

पेट के कीड़े को नष्ट करने में लाभप्रद-

आयुर्वेद में विडंग का उपयोग मुख्य रूप से कृमि (आतों के कीड़े) के उपचार में किया जाता है। इसके प्रयोग से सभी प्रकार के कृमि जैसे गोल कृमि, धागाकृमि और टेपवॉर्म का इलाज आसानी से किया जा सकता है। इसके लिए विडंग के जड़ के  चूर्ण को   पानी में घोलकर सेवन करें। ऐसा करने से इन समस्याओं में लाभ मिलता हैं। 

रक्त को साफ करने में कारगर-

विडंग एक रक्तशोधक जड़ी-बूटी है। यह रक्त में मौजूद विषाक्त पदार्थों और हानिकारक जीवाणुओं को बाहर निकालने में मदद करता है। इसलिए आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सा में भी पेट केदर्द, सूजन, पेट फूलना और गैस्ट्रिक जैसी समस्याओं के लिए विडंग का इस्तेमाल किया जाता रहा है। इसके अलावा विडंग पाचन तंत्र में सुधार करने और पेट को स्वस्थ रखने में भी मदद करता है।

दातों के लिए फायदेमंद-

विडंग का चूर्ण दातों एवं संपूर्ण मौखिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए फायदेमंद माना जाता है। क्योंकि इसमें एंटीमाइक्रोबियल गुण मौजूद होते हैं। जो दांतों में प्लाक को बढ़ाने वाले बैक्टीरिया को पनपने से रोकने का काम करते हैं। इसके अलावा विडंग के जड़ से बने चूर्ण का उपयोग मंजन के रूप में करने से मसूड़े की सूजन, ब्लीडिंग, दांतों की सड़न जैसी समस्या आदि दूर होती है।

गले और मुंह के लिए उपयोगी-

आयुर्वेद के अनुसार विडंग का अर्क एक औषधि की भांति कार्य करता है। जो गले की खराश और मुंह के छाले पर सकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है। दरअसल इसमें एंटी बैक्टीरियल और एंटी माइक्रोबियल गुण पाए जाते हैं। जो मुंह और गले संबंधी समस्याओं में अहम् भूमिका निभाते हैं। इसके लिए विडंग के अर्क से गरारे करें। ऐसा करने से मुंह के छालों और गले की खराश में लाभ मिलती है।

बवासीर में असरदायक-

बवासीर के इलाज में यह जड़ी-बूटी बेहद कारगर मानी जाती है। ऐसे में विडंग के चूर्ण को छाछ के साथ या इसके अर्क का उपयोग करें। ऐसा करने से शरीर के अंदर मौजूद अशुद्धियां मूत्र के माध्यम से बाहर आ जाते हैं। जिससे गैस, एसिडिटी, कब्ज और अन्य पेट संबंधी समस्याओं में राहत मिलती है। इसप्रकार यह कब्ज की समस्या को दूर करके बवासीर में लाभ पहुंचाता है।

विडंग के अन्य लाभ-

●विडंग में एंटीबैक्टीरियल एवं एंटीफंगल गुण मौजूद होते हैं जो त्वचा संबंधी समस्याओं को दूर करने में कारगर साबित होते हैं। 

●कफ जनित कृमि को नष्ट करने में विडंग का उपयोग लाभकारी होता है। 

●विडंग का उपयोग मधुमेह के उपचार में भी किया जाता है। 

●इसका प्रयोग सभी प्रकार की वातव्याधि अर्थात वात संबंधी समस्याओं को दूर करने में किया जाता है। 

●विडंग अजीर्ण (अपच) एवं अरुचि (भूख में कमी)में लाभप्रद है। 

●आयुर्वेद के अनुसार विडंग शिरोविरेचन गुणों से युक्त होता है अर्थात इसके इस्तेमाल से सिरदर्द या अन्य सिर दोषों संबंधी परेशानी में लाभ मिलता है। 

●विडंग के पत्तों का इस्तेमाल मैखिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए अच्छा होता है।

●यह शरीर में मौजूद अतिरिक्त वसा को कम करता है। इसलिए आयुर्वेद में विडंग का इस्तेमाल मेदोहर औषधि के रूप में किया जाता है। 

●विडंग अस्थमा एवं क्षय रोगों में भी फायदा करता है।

विडंग के नुकसान-

●विडंग अधिक गर्म औषधि है। इसलिए इसका सेवन हमेशा सीमित मात्रा में करना चाहिए।

●गर्भवती एवं स्तनपान कराने वाली महिलाएं या बच्चे इसका उपयोग करने से पहले डॉक्टर का परामर्श जरूर लें। 

●किसी बीमारी से ग्रस्त होने पर विडंग का सेवन चिकित्सक की परामर्शनुसार ही करना चाहिए।

कहां पाया जाता है विडंग?

विडंग मुख्य रूप से भारत के हिमालय के इलाकों, पर्वतीय प्रदेशों, दक्षिण भारत एवं अन्य उत्तर-पूर्वी राज्यों में पाए जाते हैं। इसके अलावा विडंग का पौधा चीन, पाकिस्तान, श्रीलंका एवं सिंहपुर के इलाकों में भी देखने को मिलते हैं। 

Rasna, also known as Alpinia galanga, is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches a maximum height of 3-4m. Branches of this plant are creeping with a bundle of leaves. The dark green leaves of this plant are long and broad at the base and narrow at the tips.

The rhizome of this plant is about 7 cm long and pale yellow or light reddish in color. Flowers of this plant are greenish white and about 3 cm long. The flowering period of the plant is May-June and the fruiting period is August-September. Its fruits are like small cherries and reddish-orange in color.

Medicinal Properties of Rasna

Rasna has Kasa hara (relieves cough), Sopha hara (relieves swelling), Swasa hara (relieves asthma), Deepana(carminative), Pachan (digestive), Jwaraghna (useful in fever), Vishaghna (useful in poisoning) and Shoolahara (relieves pain) properties which are helpful in treating inflammation, asthma, cough, indigestion, joint pain, diabetes, bronchitis, fever and swelling.

Health benefits of Rasna

Relieves joint pain-

According to Ayurveda, Joint pain is mainly caused by an imbalanced Vata. Rasna or its oil helps relieve bone and joint pain. Since Rasna has Vata balancing, analgesic and antipyretic properties, it is helpful in reducing joint pain.

Manages cough and cold-

Rasna is an effective herb for cough and cold due to its Ushna (hot) potency and Kapha balancing properties. It controls cough by clearing the mucus from the respiratory passages, allowing the patient to breathe freely.

Treats fever-

Due to the antipyretic properties in Rasna, it can help control fever as it helps lower body temperature, thereby helping in relieving high fever.

Stimulates digestion-

Rasna can be very helpful in preventing indigestion. Due to its ushna properties, it increases the digestive firewhich further stimulates digestion.

Heals wound-

Rasna can help wounds heal faster due to the presence of anti-inflammatory, antifungal and analgesic properties that help increase the rate of wound contraction and heal it.

Treats asthma-

Rasna can help in treating asthma due to its anti-asthmatic properties. It contains certain constituents (flavonoids, terpenes, etc.) which are responsible for stimulating the asthmatic response.

Helpful in diabetes-

Rasna helps in diabetes because it contains certain constituents (flavonoids) which are natural antioxidants. These antioxidants increase insulin production and lower blood sugar levels.

Prevents constipation-

Due to the laxative properties in Rasna, it acts as a stool softener and improves bowel movement.

Useful in pain-

Rasna has analgesic properties which helps in reducing the pain associated with joints or due to any insect bite, mainly scorpion bite.

Relieves muscle spasms-

Rasna can be useful for muscle spasms as it relaxes smooth muscles due to its antispasmodic and analgesic properties.

Useful in Rheumatoid arthritis-

Rasna is useful in rheumatoid arthritis, as it has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties.

Uses of Rasna

• Rhizome paste of Rasna is applied to get relief in stiffness and swelling.
• A mixture of Rasna, Sonth, Gond and Dadim powder treats diarrhea and abdominal pain.
• The powder of Rasna leaves, mulethi and goodvach are to be mixed together and taken with lukewarm water in order to treat various Kapha predominant diseases in the bodylike asthma.
• Rasna rhizome paste is used to induce vomiting in panchakarma procedures like vaman.
• Rasna tea decoction acts as a blood purifier.
• Paste made from Rasna plant can be used to relieve joint pain.
• Tea decoction of rasna leaves helps in treating many respiratory diseases like cold, cough, sore throat, and asthma.

Where is it found?

Rasna is basically native to Indonesia and South Asia. This plant is also cultivated in Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand and Myanmar for its commercial and various health benefits. In India, it is distributed in the Himalayas, Assam, Bihar, and West Bengal. It grows in sunny regions with sufficient rainfall.

शीतल चीनी के औषधीय गुण-

शीतल चीनी में कई ऐसे औषधीय गुण पाए जाते हैं। जो कई प्रकार के रोगों से शरीर को दूर रखने में सहायता करती है। साथ ही कई रोगों के इलाज में भी मदद मिलती है। इसमें मुख्य रूप से कैरेमेटिव, मूत्रवर्धक, उत्तेजक, शामक और एंटीसेप्टिक गुण पाए जाते हैं। यह सभी गुण खांसी, जुकाम, ब्रोंकाइटिस, श्वसन संक्रमण और प्रजनन प्रणाली से संबंधित समस्याओं के इलाज में मदद करते हैं।

शीतल चीनी के फायदे- 

इन्फ्लुएंजा से दिलाती है राहत-

शीतल चीनी के औषधीय गुण का असर इन्फ्लुएंजा पर सकारात्मक रूप से पड़ता है। इस पौधे के बीज बच्चों के लिए जुकाम की दवा के रूप में काम करते हैं। साथ ही यह गले में खराश की समस्या का भी समाधान करने का काम करता है। इसके लिए अदरक और शीतलचीनी के बीज को मैश करके पेस्ट बना लें। अब इस पेस्ट को बच्चों के शरीर पर लगाएं। ऐसा करने से सर्दी-खांसी, बुखार या इन्फ्लुएंजा में राहत मिलती है। 

थकान को दूर करने में कारगर-

 शीतलचीनी में मौजूद औषधीय तत्व शरीर की ऊर्जा को बढ़ाने एवं थकान को मिटाने में कारगर होते हैं।शीतलचीनी, अदरक, लौंग और नींबू को पानी में मिलाकर उबालें। तबतक उबालें जबतक पानी उबलकर आधा न रह जाएं। अब इस मिश्रण (काढ़ा) को छानकर पीएं। ऐसा करने से शरीर की प्रतिरक्षा प्रणाली मजबूत होती है। परिणामस्वरूप थकान और कमजोरी दूर होती है।

सिरदर्द दूर करें-

शीतलचीनी खाने से सिरदर्द में लाभ मिलता है। क्योंकि इसमें पाए जाने वाला एंटी इंफ्लेमेंटरी गुण सिरदर्द और माइग्रेन के लक्षणों को कम करने में मदद करता है। इसके लिए शीतलचीनी के बीजों को पीसकर चूर्ण बना लें। अब इसमें नारियल का तेल एवं 2-3 बूंद नीलगिरी के तेल को मिलाकर सिर की मालिश करें। ऐसा करने से सिर दर्द और इससे संबंधित कई मानसिक समस्याएं दूर होती हैं।

बुखार के इलाज के लिए-

शीतलचीनी का उपयोग बुखार के इलाज के लिए एक प्राकृतिक उपचारक है। दरअसल शीतलचीनी में एंटी पायरेटिक गुण होते हैं जो बुखार, सर्दी और बलगम से निजात दिलातें हैं। इसके अलावा शीतलचीनी के चूर्ण का सेवन शहद के साथ करने से खांसी में लाभ पहुंचता है। इसलिए सर्दी, बुखार, खांसी या अन्य वायरल इंफेक्शन होने पर अपने दिनचर्या में शीतलचीनी का उपयोग जरूर करें।

यूरिनरी ट्रैक्ट संबंधित समस्याओं में लाभदायक-

शीतलचीनी में मूत्रवर्धक और सूजनरोधी गुण पाए जाते हैं। इसलिए इसका इस्तेमाल किडनी की सूजन, मूत्र पथ में संक्रमण, प्रोस्टेट और यूट्रीन इंफ्लमेशन के लिए किया जाता है। इसके अलावा शीतलचीनी पेशाब के दौरान होने वाले जलन, दर्द या बार-बार पेशाब होने जैसी समस्याओं से राहत पहुंचाने का काम करती हैं। इसके लिए शीतलचीनी की जड़ के चूर्ण को शहद के साथ मिलाकर सेवन करें। ऐसा करने से इन समस्याओं से निजात मिलती हैं।

जोड़ों के दर्द और गठिया में लाभप्रद-

शीतलचीनी के गुण जोड़ों के दर्द और गठिया की समस्या को कम करते हैं। कई बार जोड़ों में दर्द और गठिया का मुख्य कारण सूजन होती है। जिससे छुटकारा दिलाने में शीतलचीनी मदद करती है। शीतलचीनी में मौजूद एंटी-इंफ्लेमेटरी प्रभाव पाया जाता है। जो सूजन की समस्या को कम कर गठिया की स्थिति में राहत पहुंचाता है।

सांसों की दुर्गंध को करें दूर-

आयुर्वेद चिकित्सा में सांसों की दुर्गंध को दूर करने एवं मौखिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए शीतलचीनी एक प्राकृतिक घटक है। इसमें मौजूद सुगंधित खुशबू सांसों की बदबू को दूर करती है। इसके लिए शीतलचीनी के बीजों को मुंह में रखकर चूसें। इसके अतिरिक्त शीतलचीनी और दालचीनी के चूर्ण को एक चौथाई टीस्पून लेकर एक गिलास पानी में मिलाकर आधे घंटे के लिए रख दें। अब इस मिश्रण से कुल्ला करें। ऐसा करने से भी मुंह से गंदगी दूर होती है। साथ ही सांस तरोताजा होती हैं।

बवासीर में असरदार-

बवासीर के उपचार में यह जड़ी-बूटी बेहद असरदायक होती है। ऐसे में शीतलचीनी के चूर्ण को दूध के साथ सुबह-शाम सेवन करें। ऐसा करने से शरीर के अंदर मौजूद अशुद्धियां मूत्र के माध्यम से बाहर आ जाते हैं। जिससे गैस, एसिडिटी, कब्ज और अन्य पेट संबंधी समस्याओं में राहत मिलती है। इसप्रकार यह कब्ज की समस्या को दूर करके बवासीर में लाभप्रद होती है।

शीतलचीनी के उपयोग-

●शीतलचीनी का इस्तेमाल कई प्रकार के व्यंजन बनाने में किया जाता है।

●शीतलचीनी का  काढ़ा बनाकर उसका सेवन किया जाता है ।

●खांसी-जुकाम होने पर शीतलचीनी पाउडर और शहद को मिलकर चाटा जाता है।

●शीतलचीनी का दूध के साथ सेवन किया जाता है।

शीतलचीनी के नुकसान-

●शीतलचीनी का सेवन उचित मात्रा में करनी चाहिए। 

●शीतलचीनी का अधिक सेवन करने से एलर्जी की समस्या हो सकती है।

●इसका अधिक सेवन गुर्दे, मूत्र एवं भोजन विषाक्ता का कारण बन सकता है। 

●गर्भवती और स्तनपान कराने वाली महिलाऐं इसका इस्तेमाल करने से पहले चिकित्सक से सलाह जरूर लें।

Karanja is an important ayurvedic herb and its scientific name is Millettia pinnata.It is a medium-sized glabrous tree with a short trunk and a spreading crown. The stem is curved with a diameter of 50-80 cm and the bark is grayish brown which is smooth or vertically slit. Karanja flowering usually begins after 3-4 years in small clusters of white, pink and purple.

Karanja tree is very flexible, every part of the tree (roots, flowers, leaves, bark and seeds) have healing properties. In India, Karanja has many different names like Indian beech, Pongamia pinnata, Pongam oil tree, Karajata and Karach.

Importance of Karanja

Karanja is well known for its medicinal and ayurvedic properties like astringent, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and laxative properties used to treat constipation, arthritis, piles, wounds, eczema and inflammation.

Flavones and their derivatives are the most frequently isolated compounds found in karanja. Methylenedioxy flavones, furano flavones, chromeno flavones, glycosylated flavonoids, isofurano flavones and prenylated isoflavones are present in karanja.

Benefits of Karanja

Improves digestion-

Karanja helps in improving digestion. The main cause of indigestion is the increase in the level of kapha dosha, which causes Agnimandya (weak digestive fire)due to its Snigdha and Sheetal guna (moist and cold properties) whereasKaranja helps in increasing Agni (digestive fire) due to its Ushna (hot) potency.

Helpful in Loss of appetite-

Karanja helps in increasing appetite as it increases the Agni (digestive power). Loss of appetite occurs mainly due to Agnimandya (weak digestion), whichis caused by the vitiated levels of Vata, Pitta and Kapha Dosha, ​​resulting in incomplete digestion of food. Karanja stimulates digestion and increases appetite due to its Deepan (appetizer) properties.

Treats osteoarthritis-

Osteoarthritis causes pain, joint swelling and difficulty in moving. This problem is caused by an imbalance in the Vata dosha. Karanja acts as aVata balancer that helps to treat osteoarthritis and relieves joint pain and swelling.

Cures cough and cold-

Karanja is useful in treating cough and cold due to its Kapha balancing properties. Karanja powder helps to remove mucus due to Ushna (hot) potency.

Treats skin diseases-

Karanja is often used to treat skin diseases such as boils, abscess and eczema. This is because of its ropan (healing) and antiseptic properties.

Useful in piles-

Karanja helps control swelling and inflammation in piles due to its ropan (healing) properties.

Heals wound-

Karanja is very effective in wound healing due to its astringent properties. The content of hydroxyproline and hexosamine in Karanja acts as an anti-inflammatory agent to heal wounds quickly.

Reduces joint pain-

Joint pain is mainly caused by Vata imbalance. Use of Karanja helps relieve joint pain due to its Vata balancing properties.Karanja helps relieve bone and joint pain when applied to the affected area.

Treats constipation-

Karanja is a natural laxative which is very useful for constipation. It helps in facilitating smooth bowel movements as it has Deepan (Appetizer) and Pachan (digestive) properties that improves digestion and reduces constipation.

Precautions while using Karanja

• Karanja is ushna (hot) in nature, it can cause bad effects when one has acidity or gastric problems. Therefore, the use of karanja is recommended in small amounts in these situations.
• It is recommended to consult a doctor before using Karanja during pregnancy or breastfeeding.
• Karanja can cause skin problems and acidity due to its ushna properties.

Where is it found?

Karanja is found in Eastern and Tropical Asia, Australia and Pacific Island. In India, it is largely found in north-eastern part of Maharashtra.

There are different organs present in the abdomen, these organs are covered with 2 membranous layers. One of which covers the organs and other one is present in the inner side of the abdominal wall.These two layers provides smooth movement to the organ in order to protect them from any kind of friction, as between both the layers there is an amount of fluid to provide lubrication.This fluid filled cavity of the two membranous layer is called peritoneal cavitySometimes fluid builds up between these two layers, causing the abdomen to swell whichcan be very uncomfortable.This condition is known as  Ascites.

The accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal or abdominal cavity can be the result of many complications, including liver disease, kidney failure, cancer, and heart failure.

Symptoms of Ascites

The fluid causes swelling, which can make your stomach feel tight and very uncomfortable. It often develops within a few weeks but can appear within a few days.

The fluid puts pressure on other organs in the abdomen and can cause:

• Tightening of clothes
• Bloating
• Stomach ache
• Back pain
• Difficulty in sitting and moving around
• Loss of appetite
• Indigestion
• Constipation
• Frequent urination
• Breathlessness
• Fatigue and weakness
• Feeling sick

Causes of Ascites

Cirrhosis (chronic liver damage) is the most common cause of ascites. It is the most common manifestation in patients with cirrhosis and is associated with decreased survival rate. Approximately 55% of cirrhosis patients have underlying ascites. 

Other conditions that can cause ascites are-

• Portal hypertension (High blood pressure in the liver)
• Decreased albumin levels of the blood
• Salt retention in the blood
• Water retention in blood
• Congestive heart failure
• Advanced kidney failure
• Tumors in abdominal cavity
• Blood clots in the portal veins
• Cancers such as malignant ascites, colon cancer, pancreatic cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, lymphoma, lung cancer or ovarian cancer.
• Chronic inflammation of pancreas
• Excessive consumption of alcohol
• Pancreas trauma
• Low protein diet
• Hepatitis (Inflammation of the liver)

How to prevent Ascites?

Ascites can be prevented by the following precautions-

• Reduced consumption of alcohol and tobacco.
• Limit salt intake in your diet.
• Avoid recreational drugs.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Get regular exercise

Treatment for Ascites

• Body weight is used as a measure of ascites control. The goal of diuretic therapy is to lose between one and two pounds a day, depending on your underlying condition. After most of the ascites fluid has disappeared, the dose of the drug is adjusted individually according to the patient's needs.
• Water restriction may be considered if hyponatremia (low serum sodium level) is present.
• In some cases, the surgeon may place a permanent tube called a shunt inside the body. It directs blood flow around the liver, reducing the need for regular drainage. A shunt may be appropriate if diuretics do not help.
• Your doctor may recommend a liver transplant if ascites don't respond to treatment and you have severe liver disease.
• If ascites is theresult of heart failure, surgery may be necessary.
• Paracentesis - In this procedure, the doctor uses a long thin needle to remove excess fluid from the abdomen. They insert a needle through the skin and into the abdominal cavity.You may need this if you have severe or recurrent ascites, or if your symptoms do not improve with diuretics.

Home Remedies for Ascites

• Garlic-

Garlic is a natural herb that has many healing properties. Regular use of this herb reduces the sensitivity and swelling associated with ascites. It also has anti-cancer properties that reduce unwanted cell growth.

How to Use - Take out the juice of three to four cloves of garlic. Consume half a teaspoon of this juice on an empty stomach. You can also chop the garlic into small pieces and take it in the morning on an empty stomach with a glass of water.

• Ginger-

Ginger is considereda natural diuretic that removes excess water from the body. This water is excreted in the form of urine. Ginger also helps to naturally cureedema.

How to Use - Make herbal ginger tea by crushing fresh ginger. Now put two glasses of water in it. Boil it, strain the water, and add honey to enhance the taste. Drink this warm herbal tea once or twice a day.

• Radish-

Radish is a vegetable that is good for all kinds of liver diseases, acting as a natural detoxifier. It is considered the best solution for the ascites problem.

How to Use - Make fresh radish juice, if it is too strong then add a little water. Drink this juice once a day on an empty stomach. This juice will relieve the problem of ascites.

• Onion-

Onion is an herb known for its healing properties. It is a natural diuretic that helps to remove excess fluid and flush toxins from the body in the form of urine.

How to Use - You can prepare fresh onion juice and drink a teaspoon of onion juice twice a day on an empty stomach.You can also add onions to your dish.Eat raw onions as they are good for your health.

• Fenugreek seeds-

Fenugreek is said to exhibit hepatoprotective as well as anti-cancer properties. This herb reduces inflammation, swelling, pain and removes free radicals from the body.

How to Use - Soaka teaspoon of fenugreek seeds in a glass of water overnight.Strain the mixture, drink this water in the morning on an empty stomach.This water is good for yourhealth.

• Punarnava-

Punarnava is a wonderful herb for patients with ascites due to its diuretic and expectorant effects on the body. This herb is good for health.

How to Use - Take the roots of Punarnava herb and make a fine powder of it. Store this powder in a container. Take a teaspoon of this concoction with a glass of warm water.

• Horsegram-

Horsegram is an effective home remedy for ascites. It contains less sodium, which helps to remove excess fluid that has accumulated in the stomach.

How to Use - Take half a cup of horsegram, wash it and soak it in water overnight.In the morning, rinse withwater, boil the horsegram in a pressure cooker for ten minutes. Then, in a saucepan, roast the black pepper, tomatoes, and garlic for a few minutes and add them to the horsegram mixture.Once cool, make a paste out of it. Add some fresh coriander. Then heat the soup for a few minutes. Take this hot soup once a day.

When to visit a doctor?

Call your doctor immediatelyif you have-

• Fever above 100.5 °F (38.05 °C)
• Stomach ache
• Blood in the stools or dark black stools
• Blood in your vomit
• Bruising or bleeding
• Accumulation of fluid in the stomach
• Swollen feet or ankles
• Problem in breathing
• Jaundice

Khadir, commonly known as kattha, is a deciduous tree whose wood and bark are valued primarily for its indispensable medicinal uses. Khadir has short twisted spines and bipinnate compound leaves with 50 pairs of leaflets that look like beautiful feathers. The tree grows to a height of 9-12 meters and the flowers are pale yellow with cylindrical spikes that can produce flat fruits with oblong pods.

Khadir is also known by different names such as Kharira, Khadira, Khera, Black catechu, Cutch tree, Kath, and Kattha. Its scientific name is Acacia catechu.

Importance of Khadir

Khadir is also known to be rich in various Ayurvedic properties. It is described as a rasayana herb in ancient texts due to its Kashaya (Astringent) and bitter nature. This herb is rich in Guna (physical properties) such as Laghu (light) and Ruksha (Dryness) and it has sita (cold) potency. 

Khadir is useful in treating many diseases and medical conditions as it has antioxidants, anti-microbial, astringent and anti-inflammatory properties.

Benefits of Khadir

Treats Diarrhea-

Khadir is rich in antidiarrheal properties, making it useful in treating diarrhea. The chemicals present in Khadir reduce intestinal muscle spasm and the frequency of bowel movements.

Controls bleeding-

Khadir can help prevent bleeding due to its astringent properties, which helps tighten the skin and reduce blood flow to the applied area.

Reduces swelling-

Khadir causes skin cell contraction, thus reducing swelling of the inner layer of nose and throat. It helps treat sore throat due to its soothing properties.

Treats piles-

Khadir can be beneficial in treating piles due to its astringent properties. It can heal mucous membranes, which helps relieve the burning, itching, and pain in piles.

Heals skin problems-

Khadir is known to have antibacterial and antifungal properties which inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi that cause most of the skin problems.

Treats acne or pimples-

Applying Khadir paste on the face, can be used to treat acne that is common in teenagers. This is due to the antimicrobial properties of the herb.

Heals wound-

Khadir has wound healing properties and contains certain chemicals that shrink skin cells and reduceinflammation, thereby promotinghealing.

Good for mouth ulcers-

Khadir is good for mouth ulcers because it contains several main constituents that have an astringent effect.

Treats liver problems-

Khadir contains certain constituents that showantioxidant properties that are beneficialin treating liver damage.

How to use Khadir?

Khadir is used in various forms such as decoction, extract, gargles, mouthwash and powder.

The dosage of khadir depends on age, health, and other factors. It is best to consult an Ayurvedic doctor to find out the right dosage.

Side effects of Khadir

• If you are nursing a baby, it is best to talk to your doctor before taking this herb in any form.
• Khadir is said to be an anti-hypertensive herb. Avoid it if you are about to undergo surgery.

Where is Khadir found?

The Khadir plant is common throughout Asia. It is majorly found in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Thailand. This plant grows in mixed deciduous forests and in lower mountains. It grows well in dry areas, sandy soils and river banks.

Cowhage famously known as Kaunch is a kind of creeper whose botanical name is Mucuna pruriens. It is also called kiwanch or kewanch. Apart from this, Kaunch is known by different names in different places like Kapikachhu, Kovanch, Alkushi, Kauncha and Kavach etc. Generally, there are two types of Kaunch- wild and cultivated. The wild kaunch is more hairy and grows mostly in forest, contact with which causes skin problems like itching or burning. The cultivated Kaunch is less hairy. These are also known as Velvet Beans. For years, the seeds, roots, and leaves of Kaunch have been used to make medicine in Ayurveda.

Benefits of Kaunch Beej

Beneficial in Parkinson's disease-

Consumption of Kaunch seeds is beneficial in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's is a disease related to the nervous system. When nerve cells in the brain do not make enough of a compound called dopamine, this condition is called Parkinson's. In such a situation, consuming kaunch seeds is a great remedy. According to a report published on the website of NCBI, Kaunch seeds are effective for Parkinson's because they contain an amino acid called L-dopa which helps to prevent the problem of Parkinson's.

To relieve stress-

Kaunch seeds are used to relieve stress. The nutrients present in it are known to promote brain health. Apart from this, antidepressant and anti-oxidant properties are found in the seeds of kaunch, which helps in dealing with mental problems like stress, depression, etc. For this, taking the powder of Kaunch seeds is beneficial.

Helpful in insomnia-

Nutrients present in Kaunch seeds are beneficial in relaxing the mind. By using it the mind becomes calm. Along with this, it is also helpful in the problem of insomnia . For this, take a decoction made from the seeds of Kaunch.

Benefits in infertility and impotence-

In the problem of infertility and impotence, the seeds of kaunch are effectively used as medicine. According to research done on this, the antioxidant properties in kaunch seeds are effective in increasing fertility. It also improves the quality of sperm. For this, take the powder of Kaunch seeds with milk every morning and evening.

Helpful in weakness-

Kaunch seeds have been used for years for weakness. Elements like antioxidants, proteins, calcium, magnesium, zinc, phosphorus and copper are found in abundance in Kaunch beej which are helpful in removing the weakness.

Beneficial in body or back pain-

Nowadays many people are suffering from body ache or back pain due to hectic routines. This pain in the body interferes with everyday work due to which people start taking various types of painkillers which may lead to many side effects. In such a situation, it is beneficial to consume Kaunch seeds because it has anti-inflammatory and anti-analgesic properties, which work to relieve body or back pain.

Helpful in reducing weight-

Kaunch seeds prove to be effective for reducing weight as well. It has anti-obesity properties, which helps in controlling weight. Therefore, people suffering from obesity must include kaunch seeds in their diet.

Beneficial in reducing cholesterol-

Hypercholesterolemia i.e, having high cholesterol can be the cause of diseases related to heart and arteries. Therefore, it is very important for a person to control cholesterol. In this case, the seeds of Kaunch are beneficial. According to a research done on this, anti-cholesterol activity is found in the seeds of kaunch. It lowers LDL i.e, bad cholesterol. It also increases HDL i.e, good cholesterol. Therefore, it acts like a medicine for the patients of high cholesterol.

For diabetes-

The use of Kaunch seeds is good for diabetes. It helps in reducing the level of glucose in the body. According to research done on this, anti-diabetic and antihyperglycemic properties and antioxidants are found in kaunch seeds which help in reducing blood glucose and oxidative stress. 

As an antioxidant-

Kaunch is rich in antioxidants which helps to protect the body from harmful free radicals. It also works to keep the body healthy.

Uses of Kaunch Beej

• Kaunch seed is used in the form of a decoction.
• It is used in the form of capsules or tablets.
• The powder made from its seeds is consumed with lukewarm water or milk.
• The leaves of Kaunch can be grinded and used as a paste. It is generally advised to consult a doctor before doing this.

Side effects of Kaunch Beej

• Anti-antinutritional effects are found in the seeds of kaunch. Therefore, consuming too much of it can lead to deficiency of nutrients in the body.
• It is rich in an amino acid called L-dopa, excessive consumption of which can cause problems such as vomiting, nausea, headache and excessive sleepiness.
• Pregnant women or lactating mothers should not consume it because it is hot in effect which can lead to miscarriage or harm to children.

Where is Kaunch found?

Kaunch is generally found in the plains. Apart from this, it is also spotted in the Himalayan regions. In India, it is majorly found in all the plains and in the Himalayas at an altitude of 1000 m.

Palash is an Indian tree in origin and is easily found anywhere in the country but mostly it is seen in the forests. Its flowers are red in colour and the leaves fall during the summer and almost the entire tree appears red during its blooming season. For this reason it is also known as forest flame. There are many health benefits of this tree. Due to its medicinal properties, it is used in ayurveda for treatment of many diseases

Palash trees are medium-sized and grow in dry areas. The height of this tree is about 15 meters and the length of its leaves is 10-20 centimeters. Its leaves are in clusters of three leaves. Its flowers are 2.5 cm long in red or orange color out of which about 15 cm long bean-like fruits are produced. The outer part of this fruit is brown in color and covered with fibers. The root, bark, leaves, flowers and fruits of Palash are used for Ayurvedic benefits.

Nutrients of Palash tree

The scientific name of the Palash tree is Butea monosperma. Palash is commonly used as anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, diuretic, for the treatment of diabetic diseases.

All the nutrients are found in the Palash tree. Glycosides, linoleic acid, oleic acid, leucocyanidin, esters, sterols, Friedelin and quercetin are present in good amounts. Apart from these, it also contains flavonoids, gallic acid, pyrotec chin, triter pain, isobutrin, coreopsin, isocor opsin, tannin, ketones, polysaccharide sitosterol and tiglic acid.

Benefits of Palash

Beneficial in diabetes-

Consumption of Palash is considered good for diabetic patients as it contains antihyperglycemic properties, which help in controlling diabetes. According to research published on the website of NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information), diabetes and serum cholesterol can be controlled by consuming 200 mg of palash powder daily. Apart from this, it also helps in improving good cholesterol.

Beneficial in eye problems-

Palash is traditionally used to treat various eye problems. It is beneficial in eye problems like night blindness and cataract. For this, putting a few drops of the extract of Palash root regularly in the eyes ends all the problems related to the eyes.

Helpful in reducing inflammation-

Palash is a very effective medicine in removing the swelling on any part of the body. According to research done on this, methanolic extract is found in the flower of Palash which exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. It helps in reducing the swelling caused by the wound. At the same time, elements called butin, iso-butrin and isocaropsin present in palash are also helpful in reducing inflammation.

Beneficial in piles-

Palash flower is effective for the treatment of piles. According to research published on NCBI, many essential minerals are found in the dried flowers of Palash including manganese. It helps in treating piles. For this, consume the ash of Palash plant mixed with ghee. This provides benefits in piles. Apart from this, applying ghee in fresh and soft leaves of Palash and consuming it with curd is beneficial.

Beneficial in stomach related disorders-

Palash is an effective remedy in stomach related problems. These problems include stomach worms, abdominal pain, internal wounds, ulcers etc. The nutrients present in it are helpful in removing stomach related disorders. For this, take the powder of Palash flower. By doing this, all the problems related to stomach and intestines get relieved.

Beneficial in skin infection-

Palash seeds are traditionally used to cure various skin infections as its seeds have antioxidant properties, which helps to get rid of infection. For this, grind the seeds of Palash and make a paste. Now applying this paste on places like ulcers, ringworm and boils provides relief. It cures all types of skin disorders.

Beneficial in cold, cough and fever-

As the weather changes, problems like cold, cough, fever and asthma start arising for which palash acts as a medicine. For this, the consumption of decoction of the bark of Palash is beneficial.

Relieves throat pain-

Palash leaves act as medicine for the treatment of sore throat or infection. For this, grind some leaves of Palash and extract its juice. Now gargle this juice by mixing it with lukewarm water. By doing this, you get relief from sore throat and infection.

Helpful in increasing sexual power-

The use of Palash is beneficial in increasing sexual power because its extract has antioxidant properties which helps in reducing oxidative stress. Apart from this, it also increases the level of nitric oxide and androgen. For this, make powder of dry palash. Now mix this powder with sugar candy in milk and consume it in the morning and evening. By doing this, fertility problems in men are also cured.

Beneficial in gynecological and menstrual related problems-

Palash is used to cure various gynecological problems and to treat menstrual disorders in women. Consuming the juice of Palash leaves is beneficial in the problem of excessive bleeding during menstruation. Its use makes menstruation regular.

Side effects of Palash

• People who are allergic to it or products made from ite should avoid its consumption.
• Pregnant and lactating mothers should avoid consuming it and its products.
• Consuming it for a long time or in excess can cause anemia and kidney related problems. Therefore, take this powder according to the advice of the doctor.

Lotus is the national flower of India which is also known as"Kamal" or "Padmini". It is a sacred plant which signifies divine beauty and purity. It is known to be revered in Indian culture and is offered to Goddess Laxmi. All parts of the lotus such as leaves, flowers, seeds, fruit and rhizomes are edible. Its scientific name is Nelumbo nucifera.

Lotus has historical, cultural and spiritual significance. It is known by different names in different languages such as “Kamal” in Hindi, “Thamarai, Taavarai” in Tamil, “Tamara Puvvu” in Telugu and “Tamara” in Malayalam.

Importance of Lotus

Lotus has three varieties on the basis of color i.e. red, white and blue, having the same properties. In Ayurveda, the white lotus is considered to be “Pundareeka”, red lotus is known as “Koknada” and blue lotus is “Indivera”. Pundareeka is best for balancing Pitta and Rakta Dosha.

Its seeds contain Protein, Calcium, Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sodium, Zinc and Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B9, C, E). Bioactive constituents like alkaloids and flavonoids are also present in Lotus.

Lotus is also rich in medicinal properties like astringent, diuretic, emollient, anti-oxidative, anti-diabetic, anti-aging, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-ischaemia, antimicrobial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, hepatoprotective and anti-allergic properties.

Benefits of Lotus

Controls Bleeding-

Lotus has astringent (kashaya) properties and also contains a good amount of phytochemicals that contribute to the formation of blood clots helping in faster healing of injuries. This property of lotus helps to stop excessive bleeding in the body , thus, helpful in problems like bleeding piles, excessive menstrual flow and nose bleeding.

Treats Diarrhea-

Lotus is useful in controlling diarrhea due to its antispasmodic properties. It reduces the frequency of bowel movements, moistening the stool and prevents accumulation of fluid in the small intestine.

Improves digestion-

Lotus can be beneficial in treating indigestion. This is due to the presence of alkaloids in lotus, which have antispasmodic properties.

Reduces inflammation-

Lotus helps in relieving inflammation due to the presence of anti-inflammatory properties. These constituents soothe inflamed tissues, thereby reducing inflammation.

Good for skin-

Lotus flower extract acts as a skin whitening and anti-aging agent. It inhibits the enzymes responsible for the formation of melanin (which darkens the skin) and wrinkles.

Uses of using Lotus

• A paste made from lotus petals is useful for relieving headaches.
• Powdered lotus roots areused as a paste to treat ringworms and other skin ailments.
• Lotus petals are used to garnish food items.
• Lotus leaves are also used as a wrap for steaming rice and sticky rice in Southeast Asian cuisine.
• Lotus filaments are given with honey and fresh butter or with sugar in bleeding piles.
• Cow’s milk cooked with lotus helps in reducing redness, haemorrhage, pain and wound.
• To treat cough, use lotus seeds powder mixed with honey. It provides instant relief.

Precautions and Side effects of using Lotus

Lotus is usually safe to take orally. However, people can be allergic to lotus which can lead to adverse effects. The side effects from consuming lotus can include:

• Nausea
• Dizziness
• Itching
• Swelling in the throat

It is advisable not to take lotus in pregnancy and is not recommended to be consumed before surgery. If you consume lotus & are allergic to it, immediately consult a doctor and take anti-allergic drugs.

Where is it found?

Lotus is found all over India. It grows mostly in floodplains and delta areas. 

लोध्र एक औषधीय पेड़ है, जो सिम्प्लोकेसी (Symplocaceae) परिवार से संबंध रखता है। जिसका वानस्पतिक नाम सिम्प्लोकोस रेसमोसा (Symplocos Racemosa) है। भारत में यह अनेक जगहों में पाया जाता है। आयुर्वेद में अपने औषधीय गुणों के कारण लोध्र कई प्रकार की दवाओं के निर्माण में उपयोग किया जाता है। पारंपरिक तौर पर लोध्र की जड़, छाल एवं पत्तियों का इस्तेमाल कई बिमारियों के इलाज के लिए किया जाता है। आमतौर पर यह डायरिया, पेचिश, लिवर,आंख एवं गर्भाशय से जुड़ी समस्याओं को दूर करने के लिए जाना जाता है।

क्या है लोध्र?

लोध्र के पेड़ मध्यम आकार के और सदाबहार होते हैं। आमतौर पर इसकी दो प्रजातियां पाई जाती हैं। पहला लोध्र और दूसरा पठानीलोध्र। इसकी छाल पतली और छिलकेदार होती है। इसके पत्ते 3 से 4 इंच लंबे गोलाकार या अंडाकार होते हैं। इसकी पत्तियों के डंठल छोटे और छूने में मखमली होते हैं। इसके फूल सफेद एवं हल्के पीले रंग के और सुगन्धित होते हैं। इसके फूल आकार में छोटे और गुच्छों के रूप में पाए जाते हैं। सामान्य रूप से इसके फूल नवम्बर से फरवरी महीनों तक खिलते हैं। इसके फल बैंगनी रंग के और आकार में लगभग 1 से 1.5 इंच होते हैं। इनके फलों में 2 से 3 बीज पाए जाते हैं। इसके लाख (लाक्षा) को साफ किया जाता है, इसलिए इसे लाक्षाप्रसादन भी कहा जाता है। आयुर्वेदिक चिकित्सक में इसकी जड़, छाल, फूल एवं पत्तियों का प्रयोग कई रोगों के उपचार में किया जाता हैं। 

लोध्र के फायदे-

आंखों के लिए फायदेमंद-

आंखों की समस्या को दूर करने के लिए लोध्र का उपयोग पारंपरिक तौर पर किया जाता है। दरअसल इसमें एंटी ऑक्सीडेंट गुण पाए जाते हैं। जो आंखों से पानी आना, आंखों का दुखना, सूजन, लाली एवं अन्य आंख संबंधी रोगों को दूर करने में मदद करते हैं। इसके लिए लोध्र और महुआ को घी में भूनकर चूर्ण बना लें। अब इस चूर्ण को दूध के साथ पेस्ट बनाकर आंखों की पलकों पर लगाएं। ऐसा करने से आंख संबंधी समस्याएं दूर होती हैं। इसके अलावा घी में भुने हुए लोध्र चूर्ण को कपडे में रखकर गर्म पानी में भिगोएं। उसके बाद इस पोटली से आंखों की सेकाई करें। इससे आंखो में होने वाले दर्द एवं संक्रमण को दूर किया जा सकता है।

अल्सर में कारगर-

अल्सर के इलाज में लोध्र एक कारगर औषधी मानी जाती है। क्योंकि इसमें एंटी अल्सर गुण पाए जाते हैं, जो अल्सर के लक्षणों को कम करने में सहायक होते हैं। इसके लिए लोध्र और धातकी की समान मात्रा में लेकर उपयोग करें। इससे घाव जल्दी भरते हैं। इसके अतिरिक्त अल्सर से राहत पाने के लिए लोध्र, निग्रोधा, खदिरा एवं त्रिफला और घी का पेस्ट बनाकर सेवन करना लाभप्रद होता है।

मौखिक स्वास्थ्य के लिए-

लोध्र का उपयोग मुंह को स्वस्थ्य रखने के लिए सालों से किया जाता रहा है। एनसीबीआई द्वारा किये गए एक शोध के मुताबिक,आयुर्वेद में लोधा यानी लोध्र का उपयोग मसूड़ों से खून बहने के इलाज में किया जाता है। वहीं, एक अन्य शोध के मुताबिक, इसमें मौजूद एंटी बैक्टीरियल गुण मौखिक स्वास्थ्य एवं दंत संबंधी समस्या को दूर करता है। इसके लिए लोध्र की छाल बनाएं और उससे गरारे करें। ऐसा कुछ दिन करने से मसूड़ों से होने वाले रक्स्राव और अन्य परेशानियों में लाभ मिलता है। इसके अलावा लोध्र, मस्ता,रसांजना और शहद से बने पेस्ट को प्रभवित जगहों पर लगाने से फायदा होता है।  

पीसीओएस के इलाज में उपयोगी-

महिलाओं के अंडाशय (Ovary) यानी एड्रिनल ग्रंथी में पुरुष हार्मोन (एंड्रोजन) का स्तर बढ़ने से पॉलीसिस्टिक ओवरी सिंड्रोम (PCOS) की संभावना बढ़ जाती है। जिसकी वजह से महिलाओं के अंडाशय में सिस्ट (द्रव से भरी थैली) बनने लगती हैं। जिससे महिलाओं में बांझपन या अन्य इससे जुड़ी समस्याओं का खतरा बढ़ जाता हैं। ऐसे में इसके इलाज के लिए लोध्रा की छाल का सेवन कारगर उपाय है। दरअसल इसमें एंटी-एंड्रोजेनिक प्रभाव होता है। यह टेस्टोस्टेरोन के स्तर को कम करके पॉलीसिस्टिक ओवरी सिंड्रोम (PCOS) में डिंबग्रंथि सेल की शिथिलता को रोकते हैं। साथ ही प्रजनन क्षमता को बढ़ाते हैं।

योनि संक्रमण को दूर करने में सहायक-

लोध्र की पत्तियां का उपयोग यौन संक्रमण और योनि में होने वाली बहुत सी परेशानियों को दूर करने में पारंपरिक तौर पर किया जाता रहा है। इस प्रकार के संक्रमण से बचने के लिए लोध्र के पत्तों को सुखा कर चूर्ण बना लें। अब इस चूर्ण में पानी मिलाकर पेस्ट बनाएं। अब इस पेस्ट को योनि में लगाएं। यह योनि में होने वाले संक्रमण को दूर करने प्राकृतिक उपाय है।

त्वचा स्वास्थ्य के लिए लाभकारी-

लोध्र का सेवन त्वचा के लिए बेहद लाभकारी होता है। यह त्वचा देखभाल एवं इससे जुड़ी कई परेशानियों को दूर करता है।क्योंकि इसमें एंटी बैक्टीरियल गुण पाया जाता है। जो संक्रमण को दूर करता है। यह त्वचा की कोशिकाओं की रक्षा करता है। साथ ही यह फ्री रेडिकल्स से होने वाले त्वचा की क्षति से बचाता है। इस प्रकार यह त्वचा को स्वस्थ्य एवं सुंदर बनाए रखता है। इस तरह की समस्याओं को दूर करने के लिए लोध्र और स्फटिका के पेस्ट का उपयोग करना चाहिए।

लोध्र के उपयोग-

●लोध्र की जड़,छाल एवं पत्तियों का उपयोग काढ़े या जूस के रूप में किया जाता है। 

●इसके छाल से बने चूर्ण को भोजन के उपरांत पानी के साथ सेवन किया जाता है। 

●इसके बीज से बने पाउडर का उपयोग किया जाता है। 

●लोध्र की छाल एवं पत्तियों से बने पेस्ट का उपयोग त्वचा संबंधी विकारों के लिए किया जाता है।

लोध्र के नुकसान-

●लोध्र रक्त में मौजूद शर्करा के स्तर को कम करता है। इसलिए मधुमेह की दवाओं का सेवन करने वाले लोगों को इसके सेवन से पहले चिकित्सक की परामर्श जरुरी है। 

●यह हार्मोन को कम करने वाली दवा है। इसलिए इसका इस्तेमाल सीमित मात्रा में करें। 

●लोध्र में एंटी एंड्रोजन गुण पाया जाता है, जो टेस्टोस्टेरोन (पुरुष हार्मोन) घटा सकता है। इसलिए पुरुषों को इसके सेवन से बचना चाहिए।

●इसका सेवन खाली पेट न करें। ऐसा करने से पेट संबंधी समस्या जैसे पेट में भारीपन, मतली,उल्टी आदि हो सकती है।

●गर्भावस्था के दौरान इसका सेवन निषेध है।

According to Ayurveda, there are many herbs in nature which are considered extremely beneficial for the body. Dhataki is also one of those herbs. It is a plant of medium height  of about 3 to 4m. The flowers bloom in the time period of January and April. It is filled with a variety of medicinal properties due to which it is used in many Ayurvedic medicines.

Dhataki is used to cure many diseases and is believed to be the backbone herb of almost all Asava and Arishta formulations. Let us know about the  importance and benefits of this plant through the sections of this blog.

Importance of Dhataki in Ayurveda

In Ayurveda, different parts of Dhataki like flowers, leaves etc. are considered extremely beneficial for health. Due to the nutritional and curative properties, it is used as medicine for many diseases. Dhataki has been used for years to get rid of  body pain. It is mainly beneficial for bone diseases, ulcers, fever, diarrhoea, piles, bleeding disorders and urinary diseases, that is why, dhataki flower is used in almost all ayurvedic extracts or juices.

Dhataki flowers are bitter in taste, cold in effect and small in size. Its flowers, leaves and fruits are used to cure constipation, cold, cough, wounds, diabetes, throat diseases, skin diseases etc. Its flower has a mild effect on the stomach, therefore, it is used as a laxative for people with a weak immune system and pregnant women.

Benefits of Dhataki

Beneficial for eyes-

Dhataki is an effective medicine for the eyes. Make powder by grinding the flowers of Dhataki and the essence of Tinish. Now consume this powder by adding honey or milk to it. This helps in providing strength  to the eye muscle and prevents weakening of eyesight . Along with this, symptoms like eye pain, swelling and redness of eyes  also get cured.

Beneficial for teeth and oral health-

The leaves and flowers of dhataki are used daily for oral hygiene. The antimicrobial properties present in it kill the bacteria present in the mouth and prevent them from growing. Dhataki is also known to remove plaque from teeth and tongue  along with this, it also reduces the inflammation of gums. For this, gargle with a decoction prepared by mixing equal quantities of Dhataki leaves, flowers and pods. It helps to relieve diseases of teeth and gums.

For the treatment of diarrhea-

Dhataki is also useful for treating diarrhea. Grind its leaves and flowers and take it with honey or buttermilk  to get relief from diarrhea . Apart from this, taking decoction of flowers or leaves of Dhataki is also beneficial for the treatment of stomach-related infection or diarrhea.

For the treatment of piles-

Dhataki flowers are a good remedy for the treatment of bleeding piles. For this or for any other reason, to stop the abnormal flow of blood, take one teaspoon of powdered Dhataki flower and mix it with two teaspoons of honey should be consumed 2-3 times a day. By doing this the abnormal bleeding stops or gradually reduces. Apart from this, anti-inflammatory properties are found in dhatki which helps in reducing swelling on any part of the body.

Beneficial in spleen-related disorder-

Mix the powder of Dhataki flowers, root of Chitrak and the powder of turmeric together and consume this mixture daily with 50 grams of jaggery. By doing this, it helps to overcome problems related to spleen (such as spleen enlargement).

Beneficial in ulcer-

Ulcer leads to bleeding from the intestines. Consuming dhataki proves to be very beneficial in such ulcers. For this, mix equal quantities of powder of Dhataki flower and powder of Lodhra bark and consume it. By doing this, there is a lot of benefit in ulcers.

Helpful in leprosy-

Using Dhataki flower in the form of a paste or mask is beneficial in leprosy. Apart from this, burning dhataki flowers and kateri to make ashes and mix mustard oil in it and applying it on the affected parts is also beneficial.

Helpful in the treatment of diabetes-

Dhataki has the property of balancing the level of insulin which is very beneficial for diabetic patients. Apart from insulin, dhataki churna also controls the level of glucose in the body. Therefore, consuming Dhataki's powder is good for diabetics.

Helpful in getting rid of leucorrhoea-

If someone has the problem of white discharge or leucorrhoea, then take 1 teaspoon of Dhataki churna twice daily with honey, water or sugar candy. Doing this will help get rid of leucorrhoea.

Strengthens uterus-

Taking powdered dhataki proves to be beneficial in infertility, weakened uterus, hormonal imbalance, stomach diseases and pelvic pain. Apart from this, mix equal quantities of Dhatki and Neelkamal powder and take it with honey every morning and evening after a monthly cycle to get rid of the problem of infertility.