Zika Virus- Know its Causes, Symptoms and remedies
2024-10-04 00:00:00
Zika is an infectious disease caused by Zika virus that was first discovered in the Zika forest of Uganda in 1947. It is transmitted by infected mosquitoes through bites & is similar to dengue fever, yellow fever and West Nile virus. For many years, it was considered a mild illness that caused few symptoms in humans. However, in recent years, it has been linked to a serious neurological condition known as microcephaly, as well as other birth defects. The impact of the virus is most significant among pregnant women and can cause certain birth defects.
How is Zika Virus transmitted?
The Zika virus is primarily transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes mosquito, which is also responsible for transmitting other viruses such as dengue and chikungunya. These mosquitoes typically bite during the daytime and are commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. The virus can also be transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusions, and from a mother to the fetus during pregnancy.
Symptoms of Zika Virus
One out of four people may develop mild symptoms and go away on their own in a few days. Symptoms of Zika virus typically last for 4 to 7 days that include-
In some cases, the Zika virus can cause more serious complications such as:
- Fever
- Rash
- Conjunctivitis
- Pain in the muscles or joints
- Headache
- Pain behind the eyes
- Microcephaly (a rare birth defect resulting in abnormally small heads and underdeveloped brains)
- Other birth defects such as hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays.
Diagnosis of Zika virus
The diagnosis of Zika virus infection is typically made through a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Here are the methods used for diagnosing Zika virus:
Clinical Evaluation:
- A doctor will perform a physical examination and ask about the patient's symptoms and travel history.
- They will also consider the patient's exposure to mosquitoes and any potential risk factors for the virus.
- If the patient has symptoms that are consistent with Zika virus infection and has traveled to an area where the virus is present, the doctor may suspect Zika virus infection.
Laboratory Testing:
- There are two main laboratory tests used to diagnose Zika virus infection: RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and serology (antibody) testing.
- RT-PCR testing is used to detect the genetic material of the virus in a patient's blood, urine, or other bodily fluids. This test is typically most effective when performed within the first week of symptoms.
- Serology testing involves detecting antibodies to the virus in a patient's blood. This test is typically performed two to three weeks after symptom onset.
- In some cases, additional tests may be performed to rule out other mosquito-borne illnesses such as dengue and chikungunya.
It's important to note that Zika virus can be difficult to diagnose, as many people infected with the virus do not experience symptoms or have only mild symptoms that are similar to other mosquito-borne illnesses. Therefore, healthcare providers should consider the patient's travel history and any potential risk factors for Zika virus when making a diagnosis.
Treatment methods for Zika virus
Currently, there is no specific treatment for Zika virus infection. Treatment typically involves managing the patient's symptoms and providing supportive care. Here are some of the treatment methods that may be used for Zika virus:
Rest:
Patients with Zika virus are advised to take plenty of rest. Fatigue is a common symptom of the virus, and rest can help the body recover.
Fluids:
Patients with Zika virus are advised to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Fever and sweating can cause dehydration, so it's important to drink fluids throughout the day.
Pain Relievers:
Pain relievers such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen (Advil) may be used to reduce fever and joint pain. Patients should consult their doctor before taking any medication.
Avoiding Certain Medications:
Patients with Zika virus should avoid taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or naproxen. These medications can increase the risk of bleeding, which can be a concern for patients with Zika virus.
Hospitalization:
In some cases, patients with Zika virus may require hospitalization. This is typically only necessary if the patient has severe symptoms, such as difficulty breathing or dehydration. It's important to note that while there is no specific treatment for Zika virus, the majority of patients recover fully within a few days to a week. However, pregnant women or individuals with underlying health conditions should consult with their healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment.
Preventive measures for Zika virus
Preventing mosquito bites is the most effective way to prevent the spread of the Zika virus. This can be done by:
- Wearing long-sleeved shirts and pants.
- Using insect repellent.
- Staying in air-conditioned or screened-in rooms.
- Eliminating standing water around homes and buildings, as this is where mosquitoes lay their eggs.
People who are traveling to areas where the Zika virus is present should take additional precautions to prevent mosquito bites, such as:
- Using mosquito nets while sleeping.
- Avoiding outdoor activities during peak mosquito hours.